Abstract: The invention relates to a method for levying charges for the provision of a chargeable service in a telecommunication network (TKN), in which a communication terminal (KEG) connected with a service user sends a first service request message (DAN1) to a service computer (DR) which provides the chargeable service, this first service request message is received and detained by an intermediate node (ZK) in the telecommunication network, the intermediate node prompts a second service request message (DAN2) to be created and transmitted to a routing service computer (D-DR) which has an associated individual identifier (IP2), the routing service computer requests the chargeable service from the service computer, the routing service computer then transfers a service message (DN) to the communication terminal, an exchange (V) which is arranged, in relation to the flow of messages, between the communication terminal and the routing service computer identifies from the identifier (IP2) that chargeable service use is in

Abstract: The switch unit (10) comprises an actuable button (11), which in a first region (12) is swivel-mounted on a frame (13) and in a second region (14) is directly or indirectly in operative connection with a switching element (15). The switching element (15) is suitable for triggering a switching signal when the button (11) is actuated, in that at least the part (26) of the switching element (15) triggering the switching signal is able to move by actuation of the button (11) along a straight axis (16) which is at an angle to a switching surface (17) of the switching element (15). The linear movement along the axis (16) has the effect of reducing the exposure to wear of the switch unit (10), which by virtue of its simple construction can be used universally for various button concepts.

Abstract: For controlling frequency and phase of an output clock signal dependent on a reference signal, a digital phase locked loop comprises a ring oscillator connected to a switch-over unit for generating the output clock signal. The ring oscillator has a plurality of serially arranged delay units. A phase comparator for comparing the phase of the reference signal and of the output clock signal. At least one switchable frequency divider unit is provided between the phase comparator and the output clock signal. A control unit controls the ring oscillator frequency by cut-in or cut-outs of delay units with the assistance of the switchover unit.

Abstract: A method and system for commissioning industrial plants, in particular in the basic materials industry, having a plant control system which carries out both non-control functions and control functions and whose control system operates with process models, in particular control engineering models, for example in the form of mathematical models, neural network models, expert systems etc., in a control system computing unit. The commissioning is carried out in subdivided fashion into commissioning the non-control functions with extensive initialization of the control functions, by means of personnel located on site, and extensive commissioning of the control functions by means of remotely-transmitted data via data lines from at least one site remote from the plant, preferably from an engineering center.

Abstract: A device and a method for detecting a weight of an object and/or an occupant on a vehicle seat are described. In which a control and evaluation circuit derives a weight signal from a current consumed by an electric motor during a controlled adjustment of the vehicle seat.

Abstract: In a PLL circuit, the precharging function necessary for setting a required initial state of a VCO is achieved by an additional precharge pump inserted in parallel with the charge pump, or alternatively by multiplexers and inverters implemented directly with the charge pump. The precharging function being controlled in both cases by two control signals. PLL circuits according to the invention are applied, in particular, in integrated circuits of mobile transceivers, for example for GSM, PCN and PCS.

Abstract: A medical device has a device component that is connected to a mount, which includes elements that can be moved relative to one another in a motorized fashion, and a control and computing unit which controls the motorized relative movements of the elements. A position identification arrangement is allocated to the control and computing unit which supplies signals to permit determination by the control and computing unit of lines in space with different directions, along which the device component can be moved in a motorized fashion, at least indirectly, by the mount.

Abstract: UV-hardenable and thermally hardenable epoxy resins for the underfilling process in electrical and electronic components are provided. A new casting resin component has an increased storage stability at room temperature of at least 6 months and improved characteristics for the underfilling process including faster hardening and lower viscosity. Filler material with a maximum grain size of 20 .mu.m and a siloxane component are provided in addition to the casting resin formulation.

Abstract: A fast shutdown system and a process for the fast shutdown of a nuclear reactor, include a reactor core and a plurality of control rods which are disposed side by side and can be inserted into and withdrawn from the reactor core. The plurality of control rods has a number of operating groups into which the control rods are categorized or fitted for regulating the power of the nuclear reactor, as well as a number of shutdown groups into which the control rods are categorized or fitted for the fast shutdown of the nuclear reactor. The control rods of at least two operating groups are allocated to each shutdown group or the control rods of at least two shutdown groups are allocated to each operating group.

Abstract: In a method for rapid thermal processing of a semiconductor wafer by electromagnetic irradiation, an irradiation arrangement is provided for heating the semiconductor wafer which is surrounded by a quartz chamber. The irradiation arrangement has a reflector design and is employed such that the semiconductor wafer is irradiated so that a substantially identical temperature is achieved in a middle and in an edge region on the basis of an intensity distribution of the light and of the heat emission of the semiconductor wafer, each of which is respectively uniform by itself over the semiconductor wafer. The method serves the purpose of improving rapid thermal processing methods in the manufacture of integrated semiconductor circuits.

Abstract: A cooling system for an electrical wound electrolyte capacitor wherein the capacitor winding 4 is mounted in a metallic cylindrical-shape housing 5 and the winding 4 has electric foils 7 and 9 which project from both ends with one of the foils being in thermic contact with the floor of the housing 6 and the other foil 9 being in thermal contact with a metallic plate 16. The heat bridges thus formed by faster and greater heat removal for high alternating currents because the temperature within the capacitor is reduced by the two separate bridges.