Abstract: A data storage device may comprise a flash controller and an array of flash memory devices coupled to the flash controller. The array may comprise a plurality of S-Pages that may each comprise a plurality of F-Pages. In turn, each of the plurality of F-Pages may be configured to store a variable amount of data and a variable amount of error correction code. The flash controller may be configured to generate an error correction code across each F-Page of an S-Page and to store the generated error correction code within one or more F-Pages having the largest amount of data.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a high-density solid-state storage unit includes a base section and a cassette section having plurality of flash cards. The cassette section can be removably attached to the base section to provide security of data stored on the plurality of flash cards. The cassette section provides for physical security of the flash cards in part through packaging of the enclosure and energy transfer to the base station. The cassette section further provides for security of the data stored on the flash cards in part through a trusted platform module (TPM) embodied as a removable module connected to a universal serial bus (USB) style connector.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a high-density solid-state storage unit includes a base section and a cassette section having plurality of flash cards. The cassette section can be removably attached to the base section to provide security of data stored on the plurality of flash cards. The cassette section provides for physical security of the flash cards in part through packaging of the enclosure and energy transfer to the base station. The cassette section further provides for security of the data stored on the flash cards in part through a trusted platform module (TPM) embodied as a removable module connected to a universal serial bus (USB) style connector.

Abstract: Various systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media. for accessing a storage device are described. In certain example embodiments, an active/active fault tolerant storage device comprising two or more controllers may be implemented. In one embodiment, each controller may be coupled to the non-volatile memory (NVM) blades comprising the non-volatile memory (NVM) storage medium. In one example implementation, a standardized protocol, such as Peripheral Component Interconnect Express protocol may be used for communicating amongst the various components of the controller and also the NVM storage medium.

Abstract: Various systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media for accessing a storage device are described. In certain example embodiments, an active/active fault-tolerant storage device comprising two or more controllers may be implemented. In one aspect, each controller may have two or more processing entities for distributing the processing of the I/O requests. In one embodiment, the configuration of the components, modules and the controller board may be arranged in a manner to enhance heat dissipation, reduce power consumption, spread the power and work load, and reduce latency. In one embodiment, each controller may be coupled to the non-volatile memory (NVM) blades comprising the non-volatile memory (NVM) storage medium. In one example implementation, a standardized protocol, such as the Peripheral Component Interconnect Express protocol may be used for communicating amongst the various components of the controller and also the NVM storage medium.

Abstract: A memory system including parent data and clone data is disclosed, where the clone data represents a clone of the parent data. The system determines whether clone data to be accessed is different from corresponding data in the parent. The system also determines a physical location of the data to be accessed based on whether the data to be accessed is different from the corresponding parent data. The system also accesses the data based on the physical location.

Abstract: A data storage system configured to implement a data reliability scheme is disclosed. In one embodiment, a data storage system controller detects uncorrectable errors using intra page parity when data units are read from a set of pages. When an uncorrectable error is detected, the data storage system controller attempts to recover user data using inter page parity without using all data from each page of the set of pages. Recovery of user data can thereby be performed without reading all data from each page. As a result, the amount of time needed to read data can be reduced in some cases and overall data storage system performance can be increased.

Abstract: A method of writing data to a range of logical blocks in a storage medium includes: receiving a command including a starting logical block address, a value indicating a range of logical block addresses to be written, and a logical block of data; storing the logical block in a first temporary storage; generating a logical page by duplicating the logical block a plurality of times corresponding to a number of logical blocks in a logical page and transporting the generated logical page to a second temporary storage and storing the generated logical page in the second temporary storage; writing the generated logical page from the second temporary storage into the storage medium beginning from the starting logical block address; and performing a read-modify-write operation if the first write operation does not begin on a logical page boundary or the last write operation does not end on a logical page boundary.

Abstract: A data storage device comprises a plurality of non-volatile memory devices configured to store a plurality of physical pages; a controller coupled to the plurality of memory devices that is configured to program data to and read data from the plurality of memory devices. A volatile memory may be coupled to the controller and may be configured to store a firmware table comprising a plurality of firmware table entries. The controller may be configured to maintain a plurality of firmware journals in the non-volatile memory devices. Each of the firmware journals may be associated with a firmware table entry and may comprise firmware table entry information. The controller may be configured to read the plurality of firmware journals upon startup and rebuild the firmware table using the firmware table entry information in each of the read plurality of firmware journals.

Abstract: A chassis for a network storage system contains a first thermal chamber that houses conventional electronic components and a second thermal chamber that houses non-volatile solid state memory such as flash memory. A cooling system keeps the electronics in first thermal chamber below their maximum junction temperature. Meanwhile, a temperature regulating system maintains the solid state memory in the second thermal chamber within a range of a preferred operating temperature selected to extend the lifetime and/or improve the reliability of the solid state memory. Thus, the chassis provides dual zone temperature control to improve performance of the network storage system.

Abstract: A system for mounting a flash blade in a storage system includes a motherboard with a series of card guide cutouts for aligning flash blades. A flash blade can be aligned perpendicular to the motherboard and aligned parallel to adjacent flash blades by inserting the flash blade into one of the card guide cutouts and connecting the flash blade to a connector at one end of the cutout. This beneficially aligns the flash blade while making efficient use of the available vertical space within a chassis. The flash blade can also extend through the cutout to the other side of the motherboard. The efficient use of vertical space enables an increase in the number of solid state memory can be added to the flash blade relative to conventional designs, thereby improving capacity.

Abstract: A rack mountable 1U storage unit includes a plurality of memory modules arranged in two groups. The storage unit also has control circuitry. The memory modules have a dedicated exhaust channel to draw heat away from the memory modules. The exhaust channel for the memory modules is disposed over and is physically separated from the exhaust channel for the control circuitry. The storage unit can accommodate up to 42 memory modules due to a unique method of placing the individual memory modules.

Abstract: A translation system can translate a storage request to a physical address using fields as keys to traverse a map of nodes with node entries. A node entry can include a link to a next node or a physical address. Using a portion of the key as noted in node metadata, a node entry can be determined. When adding node entries to a node, a node utilization can exceed a threshold value. A new node can be created such that node entries are split between the original and new node. Node metadata of the parent node, new node and original node can be revised to identify which parts of the key are used to identify a node entry. When removing node entries from a node, node utilization can cross a minimum threshold value. Node entries from the node can be merged with a sibling, or the map can be rebalanced.

Abstract: A mass storage memory device is disclosed. The device includes a nonvolatile memory, a volatile memory configured to store logical to physical (L2P) data associating logical addresses of data stored in the nonvolatile memory with physical locations of the nonvolatile memory at which the data is stored, and a controller. The controller writes L2P data in the nonvolatile memory so the L2P data can be preserved through a power failure. The controller also writes L2P data stored in the nonvolatile memory to the volatile memory to rebuild the L2P table.

Abstract: A translation system can translate a storage request having multiple fields to a physical address using the fields as keys to traverse a map. By using a map table, multiple storage services can be condensed into a single map traversal. The map can be made of nodes that include one or more node entries. The node entries can be stored in a hashed storage area or sorted storage area of a node. A node entry of root nodes or inner nodes can include a link to a next node. A node entry of a leaf node can include a physical address. Using the request fields as a key to a node, a node entry can be determined. A pointer in a root node entry or inner node entry can be followed to a next node. A physical address in a leaf node can be the translation of the storage request.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a high-density solid-state storage unit includes a plurality of flash cards. Each flash card has a flash controller that incorporates one or more resources for facilitating compression and decompression operations. In one aspect, data reduction and data reconstruction operations can be performed in-line as data is stored to and retrieved from flash memory. In another aspect, data reduction and data reconstruction operations can be performed as a service. Any one of the plurality of flash cards can be used to provide data reduction or data reconstruction services on demand for any type of data, including system data, libraries, and firmware code.

Abstract: Various systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media for accessing a storage device are described. Techniques are described for vertically integrating the various software functions and hardware functions for accessing storage hardware. In some embodiments, the system is implemented using non-volatile memory.

Abstract: A translation system can translate a storage request to a physical address using fields as keys to traverse a map of nodes with node entries. A node entry can include a link to a next node or a physical address. Using a portion of the key as noted in node metadata, a node entry can be determined. When snapshotting a dataset, a snapshot value can be updated in a root node entry. New data can be added under the new snaphsot value, preventing overwriting of the prior data, providing deduplication and quick snapshotting. When cloning a dataset, a new root node entry can be made for the clone. The new root entry can reference the original root entry of the original dataset. Metadata of nodes of the clone branch can identify whether the current branch contains updated data or whether the data exists off of the original root entry.

Abstract: A translation system can translate a storage request having multiple fields to a physical address using the fields as keys to traverse a map. The map can be made of nodes that include one or more node entries. The node entries can be stored in a hashed storage area or sorted storage area of a node. A hashed storage area can enable a quick lookup of densely addressed information by using a portion of the key to determine a location of a node entry. A sorted storage area can enable compact storage of sparse information by storing node entries that currently exist and allowing the entries to be searched. By offering both types of storage in a node, a node can be optimized for both dense and sparse information. A node entry can include a link to a next node or the physical address for the storage request.

Abstract: A translation system can translate a request having multiple fields to a physical address using the fields as indexes to a multi-dimensional graph. A field or portion of a field can represent a location along an axis. When combined together, the fields can represent a point in n-space, where n is the number of axes. In some embodiments, a nearest neighbor calculation can be sufficient along an axis. Therefore, a point in n-space defined by the fields can be translated along an axis until a nearest neighbor entry is determined. When the entry is determined, the entry can be accessed to determine a correct response to the translation request.