Abstract: The object of the invention is to apply an appropriate temperature profile to a bloc to be extruded, at which the extrusion process may be optimized For that purpose, the metal blocks (10a) to be extruded are heated (furnace 2) up to an appropriate extrusion temperature for that metal, are stored at that temperature (holding chamber 3) and are chilled (chamber 5) according to regulation areas (18) in synchronism with the extrusion cycle. Regulation in the areas (18) is carried out by influencing the amount and/or temperature of the coolant, and/or cooling duration, so that an axial and radial temperature distribution is obtained at the block.

Abstract: In a horizontal metal extrusion press to enable direct measurement of the alignment of the tools, the moving crosshead (9) and the receiver holder (12) in relation to the press axis, the tie rods (4) of the press frame (3) of high dimensional stability are provided with at least three clearance-measuring probes (25), which are directed at central angles of 120.degree. or less radially towards the press axis (X--X) and are centrally adjustable to a reference clearance from the press axis. The probes are disposed in radial planes (R2, R3, e.g.) in which they detect measuring surfaces (27, 28) provided on and centered at least on the receiver or receiver holder (12) and on the tools, in the working position and/or selected positions of the receiver holder and the tools. To enable the measurements to be effected without stoppages, it is advantageous to provide non-contact clearance-measuring probes, for example measuring on the basis of eddy current, laser or ultrasound.

Abstract: A forging machine has a machine frame (1), radial forging rams (2) each adapted to carry a die (5), distributed angularly in a common working plane around the system axis (5); radial pressure-fluid piston (12) and cylinder (11) units on the machine frame, each with its cylinder forming or connected to a respective ram and having a stroke corresponding to the required ram stroke; and crossheads (15) mounted adjustably on the machine frame and each supporting the piston of a respective piston and cylinder unit. The stroke position of each ram is adjustable by adjustment of the crosshead towards and away from the system axis. A flange (19) is provided on each cylinder (11) and, a ring (17) extends around each ram, at the radially inner side of the flange (19), and is connected to the adjustable crosshead. Ram return piston and cylinder units (20,22) are disposed between the ring and flange.

Abstract: A horizontal metal extrusion press has a tool cassette (13) for a tool set composed of a die (134), a die holder (32) and at least one pressure ring (36), displaceable horizontally along guide rails (10,11) transversely to the press axis between an extrusion position (P) on the press axis and a changing position (W) spaced horizontally from the press axis, and replaceable by a second cassette in the changing position. The cassette has an upwardly open U shape to receive the tool set. A locking piece (14) for retaining the tool set can move in a vertical guideway (22) in the upper guide rail (10), to an upper position above the opening of the cassette and to a lower position inside the opening for closing the opening. The cassette opening has an internal bead (29), and the die holder has a corresponding annular groove. The locking piece is guided on the beads along the sides of the cassette opening.

Abstract: A forging machine has four forging rams (2) supported by the machine frame (1) for movement radially towards and away from the system axis (5) in an X arrangement at 90.degree. to one another. Piston and cylinder units (12-15) on the machine frame each have a ram (2) as a constituent part and have a stroke corresponding to the working stroke of the ram. A crosshead (16) supports each piston and cylinder unit, and is adjustable (23-25) relative to the machine frame for setting the stroke position of the ram. An adjustable die holder (6) at the radially inner end of each ram adjusts a die (5) thereon in a direction transverse to the radial direction of the ram, so that the dies can be positioned with parts of their working surfaces overlapping side surfaces of adjacent dies to form a closed forging pass contour smaller than the working surfaces of the dies. Radially extending drive shafts (58) external to the rams and gear units (54-59) at the radially inner ends of the shafts adjust the die holders.

Abstract: In a horizontal extrusion press, a longitudinal discharge conveyor (2) comprises a plurality of short tandemly arranged longitudinal conveyor units (12), each comprising chains (18) and workpiece support beams (19,20), and a transverse conveyor (3) having stationary conveying elements (13) extending into spaces between the successive longitudinal conveyor units (12). The longitudinal conveyor units are raised and lowered relative to the transverse conveyor, in order to transfer extruded products from the longitudinal conveyor onto the transverse conveyor.

Abstract: A wire coiler with a rotating winding drum which can be immersed in a water tank as a rotational body having the greatest possible smoothness in order to avoid energy-dissipating turbulence of the water in the tank includes a winding drum (1) open towards the top and formed by outer and inner spaced casings (2, 3), and a base (4) connecting the casings and a vertical rotatable shaft (8) connected by flanges (5, 7) to the drum. The inner casing of the winding drum is breached by vertical slots (16), and an annular disc (15) inserted into the winding drum for supporting the turns of the wire coil being formed is connected to a lifting device (19, 21) by crosspieces (17) engaging through the slots, whereby the lifting device raises the supporting surface of the disc to a level with the transfer plane of the wire coils.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for determining the geometry of a workpiece in a forging press, fed into the forging press for processing in a processing throughpass and rotated about the longitudinal axis in predetermined manner. The surface of the workpiece is scanned over the periphery, in planes perpendicular to the direction of displacement of the workpiece. The data scanned are transmitted to a prepared programmed computer, and subsequently converted in the computer, with the aid of a program based on the condition of volume constancy, in such a way that the actual geometry of the workpiece is determined. The determined actual geometry is processed in the computer in such a way that a further deformation step, with predetermined programmed forging parameters, is initiated. The apparatus has a support in the shape of a ring, arranged in the vicinity of the processing region of the workpiece and on a mounting in such a way as to rotate around the workpiece at a determined speed.

Abstract: Method, control, and apparatus for taking up a billet produced in an extrusion or tube-making press includes applying a controlled pull-away tractive force, which keeps the emerging billet straight and does not affect the formation of the billet, increasing the pull-away tractive force in proportion to the extruded billet length, unit length weight and coefficient of friction between the billet and the delivery table, superimposing the pull-away tractive force upon the take-up tractive force determined from the cross-section and flow behavior in the die. After a billet has been separated and withdrawn from the die, the pull-away force and the length of the emerging billet are measured and the pull-away force, divided by the billet length, is entered as a set value for the specific profile frictional force to be multiplied by the billet length, which is determined by a path measurement, when extruding a subsequent billet of the same nominal cross section.