Abstract: A method of preadjusting cold deforming plants, such as cold rolling trains, skin pass stands, stretcher-and-roller levelers, straightening machines, and the like, wherein the hardness of the material to be deformed is measured shortly before the cold deformation of the material and is utilized for correcting its hardening curve and the preadjustment of the cold deforming plant based on the measurement. The standard hardening curve of a material or a group of materials with corresponding standard values of hardness, yield strength, tensile strength, etc., can be corrected by an additive or multiplicative linkage with a correction member which contains at least one tensile strength determined through the measured hardness value.

Abstract: A method and a device for measuring and regulating the temperature and quantity of cooling water of a continuous casting mold which flows per unit of time through mold walls composed of copper plates which can be cooled by water, particularly independently of each other, wherein the cooling water temperature of a mold wall is measured at least at two locations in the areas of the outlet openings of a copper plate and the corresponding water box, a temperature profile is prepared from the values measured over the width of the copper plate, and the temperature profiles obtained in time intervals are compared to each other. Temperature sensors are arranged in the water discharge area between a copper plate and the cooling water outlet openings of the water box especially on each long side plate at least at two locations thereof, and the signal lines of the temperature sensors are connected to a computer, preferably with an on-line screen.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for manufacturing hot-rolled steel strips from a continuously cast primary material, preferably thin slabs, in a plurality of successive steps in a continuous operation is disclosed. In the invention, thin slabs, which leave an equalizing furnace, are heated above the maximum temperature that can be achieved in the equalizing furnace and are thereafter are broken down in a break-down train, with the broken-down thin slabs being subsequently recrystallized and cooled down to a rolling temperature before being finish-rolled in the finishing train.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for sorting out short lengths in light-section finishing lines, including a cutting device, for example, a cold shear, which has a cutting plane, wherein the cutting device is followed by a driven roller conveyor with a length stop which can be removed preferably by being lifted and is adjustable to the desired length. The rolling stock resting against the length stop is held after cutting to length in the cutting device until the short lengths have been conveyed away by the driven roller conveyor after lifting the length stop.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cooling hot-rolled rolling stock, wherein, for cooling preferably both sides of hot-rolled wide strip, a heat exchange is carried out between the rolling stock and the cooling medium by a pressurized water flow through a sequence of a pressure chamber and a convection chamber, and wherein the rolling stock is cooled by a targeted control of the intensity of the forced convection. The method utilizes a combination of a cooling unit between stands and an additional roll cooling unit in the area of the roll gap at the exit side thereof using a directed pressurized water flow along a circumferential portion of the roll body of each work roll, wherein the cooling unit between stands and the roll cooling unit each operate with contactless sealing means for the surface of the rolling stock and the surface of the roll body.

Abstract: A method of operating a rolling mill for hot-rolling and cold-rolling of flat products in one or more roll stands each having two or more rolls, wherein the roll gaps are regulated so as to correct the differential force between the drive side and the operator side of the roll stands, while compensating the adjustment value-controlled regulation of the roll gaps which corrects the bending and balancing forces. Prior to further processing of the flat products, the regulation is supplied with an additional correction adjustment value formed from the horizontal forces measured in all individual rolls.

Abstract: A cooling plate for shaft furnaces, particularly blast furnaces, is provided with a refractory lining and is composed of copper or a low-alloy copper alloy with cooling medium ducts, wherein the cooling plate is made from a wrought or rolled ingot, and wherein the cooling plate has on one side thereof, i.e., the front side, grooves for receiving refractory material. Cooling ducts are provided on the rear side of the cooling plate, wherein the cooling ducts are defined in part by the cooling plate itself and in part by sheet metal or sheet steel, wherein the cooling ducts are produced by milling cutting in the rear sides of the cooling plate and/or the sheet metal or sheet steel.

Abstract: A continuous casting mold with two oppositely located short side walls and two oppositely located long side walls which extend past the short side walls, wherein at least one of the short side walls is moveable by an adjusting member toward or away from the other short side wall. The adjusting member is constructed in the form of two hydraulic cylinder units which can be actuated independently from each other, wherein each hydraulic cylinder unit has a cylinder and a piston which is adjustable relative to the cylinder in an adjusting direction.

Abstract: A device for continuously casting steel includes a continuous casting mold supported in a lifting table and oscillating in the casting direction and at least one oscillation drive acting on the lifting table. The lifting table is constructed with guide blocks extending underneath the plane of the table and a stationary clamping block is arranged between the guide blocks. At least two individual resiliently soft plate springs are mounted along the short sides of the mold underneath the table plane in both sides of the clamping block and extending between the clamping block and the adjacent guide block, wherein the plate springs are arranged at a distance one above the other and so as to extend parallel relative to the corresponding plate springs arranged at the opposite short side of the mold.

Abstract: A roll, particularly a back-up roll, for rolling flat material is composed of a rotating roll shell and a unit arranged within the roll shell for influencing the bending stiffness of the roll shell. The unit for influencing the bending stiffness of the roll shell is a friction bearing in the form of a body of rotation. The body of rotation can be adjusted by rotating the body. The body of rotation is shaped in such a way that the load application surface thereof corresponding to the zone of the roll shell to which load is applied is part of the circumferential surface of a rotation-symmetrical body and the edge of this circumferential surface is shaped in such a way that along the circumference of the body of rotation the width and/or position of the load application surface vary.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for determining and setting the center of a roll stand and adjusting positions of a roll stand, wherein the bearing chocks of the horizontal rolls have processed planar support surfaces located opposite each other and preferably parallelepiped-shaped spacer pieces with defined dimensions are placed on these support surfaces. Defined pressures are applied to the spacer pieces by adjusting the rolls, wherein the resulting adjustment positions are determined and used as actual values for the position determining system which controls the roll stand during the rolling operation.

Abstract: Cooling plates for shaft furnaces, particularly blast furnaces, provided with refractory linings, are made of copper or a low-alloy copper alloy and are provided with cooling agent ducts in their interiors. Each cooling plate is manufactured from a rough forged or rolled ingot, wherein the cooling plate has a straight or planar inner side and the cooling ducts are blind-end bores extending in the interior of the cooling plate, wherein the cooling plate is provided at the edge thereof with side flanges, and wherein pipe connections are provided at the ends of the cooling ducts. The cooling body of the forged or rolled copper cooling plate provided with inner blind-end bores and vertical and/or horizontal side flanges on both sides has an arched outer side as well as a planar inner side.

Abstract: A method and an installation for shaping metal strip in a hot strip rolling mill which includes a finishing train, a cooling line, a pinch roll unit, and a coiling unit, wherein, after emerging from a cooling line, the strip material is alternatingly conducted over and under at least two successively arranged stretcher-leveller work rolls which form a stretcher-leveller zone, and wherein the stretcher-leveller work rolls are arranged offset relative to each other in such a way that the metal strip is deflected at each stretcher-leveller work roll.

Abstract: A method for producing slabs in a continuous casting plant preferably equipped with a vertical mold, preferably for thin slab plants for casting preferably steel having, for example, a solidification thickness of 60 mm-120 mm, for example, 80 mm, and casting speeds of up to 10 m/min. and a maximum casting output of about 3 million tons per year. In a first vertically extending first segment 0 of a strand guide, exclusive strand reduction, also called casting and rolling, is carried out. The segment 1 arranged immediately underneath the first segment 0 carries out bending of the strand through several bending points into the inner circular arc. Prior to final solidification, the strand is bent back through several return bending points into the horizontal.

Abstract: A hot rolling train with a walking beam furnace, a reversing stand following the walking beam furnace and possibly shears and/or descaling devices, as well as a subsequent hot strip finish-rolling train for manufacturing thin, austenitically rolled hot strip is retrofitted with an equalizing furnace provided between the reversing stand and the hot strip finish-rolling train, wherein the equalizing furnace has a number of receiving locations for strips to be heated for equalizing the strip in order to ensure a total heating time for each preliminary strip which is a multiple of the rolling time and the hot strip finish-rolling train.

Abstract: A method of handling of cut lengths and short lengths to be transported to a collecting equipment and transportation equipment for bundling equipment and saw devices in merchant bar finishing lines, with the method including the steps of providing a common transporter for transporting the cut lengths and the short lengths to the collecting equipment and the transportation equipment; and device for effecting the method.

Abstract: A bar and wire rolling mill includes a cooling bed line for bars, a rotary basket reeling line for bars coiled into coils, and a wire line with a looper and winding collector for wire, and a holding furnace arranged downstream for thermal aftertreatments of the rolled material leaving the rolling mill. The cooling line, the rotary basket reeling line and the wire line are connected to a common holding furnace through transport devices.

Abstract: A method of rolling finished sections from preliminary sections by means of roll stand arrangements which operate in reversing operation and include a compact rolling group composed of a first universal stand at the entry side and a second universal stand at the exit side and an intermediate edging stand arranged between the universal stands, and a roughing group arranged in front of the compact rolling group and composed of vertical roll stands and horizontal roll stands and/or universal stands. A rectangular preliminary section or a preliminary section having the approximate final dimensions is preshaped in the roll stands of the roughing rolling group in a number of shape changing passes and/or shape reduction passes, possibly reversing with or without the use of selectable grooves. Subsequently, the section is further shaped in the compact rolling group in several shape changing passes or shape reduction passes in the universal stand on the entry side.

Abstract: A cooling shaft for the rollers of a roller conveyor includes a flow duct for the cooling medium and an outlet opening. The cooling shaft includes the flow duct for the cooling medium and at least one length portion extending upwardly from the flow duct, wherein the length portion has an outlet opening and ends below the axes of the rollers. The cross-section of the flow duct in the transition from the flow duct and the length portion is smaller than the outlet opening and at least one side of the length portion is curved outwardly.

Abstract: A method of continuously casting and finish-rolling a cast slab within a predetermined finished width tolerance, wherein for the cast slab and any subsequent slab an adjustment of the mold position is carried out particularly in accordance with different rolling conditions for achieving the predetermined finished width within a tolerance strip, initially a preadjustment of the mold position is carried out, inter alia, while considering the extreme strip dimensions of the planned production program, a computation for the optimum use for the mold adjusting units and the adjusting units of the finishing train is carried out for each cast slab and any subsequent slab, and, with an existing entering width of the cast slab into the finishing train, a reoptimization of the finished width by means of the adjusting units of the finishing train is carried out.