Abstract: The present invention relates to a water hammer recognizing and energy saving water hammer prevention system and a method for controlling the same that is configured wherein in case of the selective on/off operations of a plurality of pumps in a pipe system in accordance with the change of the use environment, the pressure variation and level variation of an air chamber caused by water hammer are compared with reference values and set values, and they are divided into a normal mode and a safe mode, thereby controlling the air intake and exhaust of the air chamber and preventing energy consumption from unnecessarily occurring.