Abstract: An ice scruffing device for scruffing a covering of ice on a ground surface to improve the ability of the ice to retain de-icing chemicals on its surface. Paddles are mounted radially about a drum that is mounted substantially parallel to the ground surface and transverse to the direction of travel of a prime mover of the ice scruffing device. Each paddle bears a plurality of impactors. The impactors are made of flexible wire cable, with a strike element arranged at the end of the cable. As the drum rotates, the strike elements strike the ice on the ground surface at high velocity, thereby creating random, discrete indentations, cracks, pit-marks in the surface.

Abstract: A snow removal or ground-surface cleaning apparatus that is pushed or pulled by a prime mover. The apparatus has a drum array that includes rows of triple-stepped blade-like fingers distributed evenly around a drum array. These fingers are stiffly flexible and can cleanly and efficiently pick up snow and debris from uneven ground surfaces.

Abstract: A snow removal device that picks up snow from the ground and flicks the snow into impeller units that transport the snow into a discharge tube whence the snow is expelled from the system. The system primarily includes a pick-up assembly, an impeller assembly, and a discharge tube. The pick-up assembly has a drum array that includes rows of triple-stepped blade-like fingers distributed evenly around each drum of the array of drums. These fingers are stiffly flexible and can cleanly and efficiently pick up snow from uneven ground surfaces and flick the snow into the impeller assembly that is mounted parallel to the axis of the drum array. The impeller assembly includes a plurality of impeller units that transport the snow into the discharge tube. The impeller units are reversible in direction, allowing the snow to be discharged to the right or the left of the system, or to the right and left simultaneously.