Abstract: A multicomponent mixture is separated into its components by subjecting the multicomponent mixture to a separation means to flow therein, which means comprises a plurality of columns divided into at least three groups wherein each group of columns has the columns which are in the same number as that of the components in the multicomponent mixture and are filled with a adsorbent so that one column has an adsorbent specific to either one of the components; wherein the three groups are respectively assigned to fractionation in a fractionation zone, to purification in a purification zone and to desorption in a desorption zone; the groups of columns are switched from zone to zone; and the effluent from the columns used in the fractionation zone is sent to the columns in the purification zone which have once been used in the fractionation zone and the columns in the purification zone are then assigned, upon the switching, to desorption.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for continuously separating a multicomponent mixture containing at least 3 components and purifying each component in a high concentration, high purity and high recovery, wherein the apparatus comprises a column group comprising a fractionation zone, a purification zone and a desorption zone which are formed by combining at least 2 columns to form one subgroup and combining at least 3 zones; column connection tubings for in series connecting the columns in the fractionation zone; subgroup connection tubings for connecting corresponding columns of two subgroups positioned in the separation zone (in series) and the purification zone (in parallel); zone connection tubings for in parallel connecting each column of the fractionation zone and each column of the purification zone; purification/desorption medium-feeding tubings for feeding each purification/desorption medium to each column of the purification and desorption zones; a subject mixture-feeding means for feeding a multicomponent mi

Abstract: A process for producing a hydrophilic group-containing macromonomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group at the end thereof comprising reacting a hydrophilic group-containing polymer having a carboxyl group at the end thereof, with an ethylenically unsaturated group-containing epoxy compound in the presence of a hydrophilic organic solvent. According to the process of the present invention, there is provided a process for producing a hydrophilic group-containing macromonomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group at the end thereof which has been not known in the prior art.

Abstract: A graft copolymer having dispersion stabilizing effect, which comprises on the carbon backbone thereof a polymer side chain comprising a carbon chain having a molecular weight of 1,000.about.100,000, a fluorine atom containing fluorine side chain and a hydrophilic side chain containing a hydrophilic group, the total mean molecular weight of said graft copolymer being 5,000 or more. The graft copolymer of this invention can be used as an excellent dispersion stabilizer for emulsion polymerization, whereby in emulsion polymerization it is possible to attain polymer particle dispersion stability to ensure that the polymer particles will not be agglomerated even if they have been grown to larger particles having a diameter of 0.5.mu. or more and that dispersion of the polymer particles having a large and uniform particle diameter is obtained.

Abstract: A process for producing a hydrophilic group-containing macromonomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group at the end thereof comprising reacting a hydrophilic group-containing polymer having a carboxyl group at the end thereof, with an ethylenically unsaturated group-containing epoxy compound in the presence of a hydrophilic organic solvent. According to the process of the present invention, there is provided a process for producing a hydrophilic group-containing macromonomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group at the end thereof which has been not known in the prior art.

Abstract: A graft copolymer having dispersion stabilizing effect, which is a product of the polymerization of 5 to 30% by weight of a macromonomer which has a molecular weight of 1,000 to 100,000 and has a radical polymerizable unsaturated group at its one end, 1 to 40% by weight of a hydrophillic monomer which has a hydrophillic moiety in it and has a radical polymerizable unsaturated group, and 5 to 40% by weight of a fluorinated monomer which has a florinated moiety in it and has a radical polymerizable unsaturated group, the % by weight being based on a total of the three monomers, and 0 to 50% of the total of the total of the three monomers of a monomer copolymerizable therewith.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for separating industrially a large amount of a biopolymer-containing sample by ion-exchange type column chromatography using the gradient elution method, wherein at least two precursor liquids for a mobile phase from liquid baths 3a and 3b are introduced into a mixing device 14 while the flow rate thereof is controlled over a wide range to obtain a mobile phase liquid. The mobile phase liquid thus obtained is introduced into the columns 1a and 1b so that the sample is separated in the columns and the biopolymer is collected in a fraction collector 6. The columns 1a and 1b are alternately regenerated.

Abstract: A separation process by liquid chromatography, which comprises sending a mixture sample in a large amount together with a liquid mobile phase to at least one column, into which a packing having a large particle size has been charged, to preliminarily fractionate the components of the mixture, taking out fractions containing objective components from the eluate from the first column, and recycling said fractions within a loop provided with at least one second column, into which a packing having a large particle size has been charged, to separate precisely the objective components.According to this process, it is possible to separate economically objective components from the sample loaded in a large amount.