Abstract: A generator for spherical ultrasonic waves can replace a point source transducer and has a large-area transducer whose output ultrasonic waves are condensed in a funnel and fed to a monomodal waveguide, e.g. a tube at the output end of which phase-correct perfectly spherical waves are emitted.
Abstract: The number of transducers in the scanning of an ultrasonic field from an object is reduced by providing ultrasonic collectors at spaced apart locations in the medium and transmitting the ultrasonic waves which are collected to a transducer through waveguides or paths having different transit times. The waveguides can be individually of different lengths or can be of equal length and terminate at different distances along a common collecting waveguide.
Abstract: For determination of surface and special surface characteristics of an object, e.g. a fingerprint, the finger tip is placed on a convex surface of a support which is irradiated through a liquid or solid medium with spherical ultrasonic waves from a point source provided as a hole in a carrier for a ring of receiving transducers.