Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic device comprising a nanoparticle structure and configured such that, when driven by a power source, a current path is defined through said nanoparticle structure, wherein the nanoparticle structure comprises a substrate and metal and/or semiconductor nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles are linked to each other and/or to the substrate by bifunctional or polyfunctional ligands. The invention especially relates to an electronic device in the form of a sensor for detecting one or more analytes in a liquid or a gas phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to an interlaced to progressive conversion method and system by use of an interpolation algorithm (IPC algorithm) which is scaleable with several levels or modes with an increasing computational complexity depending on increasing availability of resources, i.e. computation power, available memory and available memory bandwidth. An IPC mode control can be implemented as a decision table. Peferably, at least five levels of the algorithm can be scaled beginning with line repetition (lowest level), linear interpolation (lower level), median inter-field computation with a three-tap or a five-tap median operator (medium level) and a combination of a linear interpolator and a median interpolator, eventually in combination with edge detection (higher levels of the scaleable algorithm).

Abstract: A network comprising at least one server (1) and a plurality of user terminals (3), wherein the user terminals (3) can communicate with each other by means of an IRC server (40). The user terminal (3) can send a command to a chat proxy (39). The chat proxy (39) is connected with a session manager (23) to translate any address longer than nine characters (limit of the IRC protocol) to a code with a maximum length of nine characters. The chat proxy (39) can cache the result of the conversion in a storage device (42). The chat proxy (39) then sends (41) an IRC command to the IRC server (40) together with a code having a maximum number of nine characters. The chat proxy (39) according to the present invention therefore allows a translation process, the provision of semi-private chat rooms with an additional access control and a supply of supplemental chat room attributes.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of mobile computing and more specific to the problem of determining the current position of a mobile device (1). If the mobile device (1) can attach itself to (wireless) networks (4) covering a small geographic area, the mobile device (1) can determine its position by querying stationary nodes attached to the network about their location. According to the invention a transmission of position information from a stationary node (3) to a mobile device (1) is effected above the transport layer (layer 4) of the OSI model such that the transmission is independent from the physical type of the networks (4) and/or the transmission (2) used.

Abstract: According to the present invention a method for calibrating a six-port receiver as well as a receiving apparatus are provided. The receiving apparatus according to the present invention comprises a six-port receiver with a passive circuit (7) with two inputs, at least one input being supplied with a high frequency signal to be measured, and at least three outputs supplying power levels P1, P2, P3, P4 for a signal processing unit (10) which calculates a complex signal based on the at least three power levels P1, P2, P3, P4 and calibration coefficients. Furthermore the receiving apparatus according to the present invention comprises devices (30, 35, 36) for supplying a predetermined calibration sequence with different symbols to the at least one input for the signal to be measured. The signal processing unit (10) calculates the calibration coefficients based on the calibration sequence.

Abstract: Performing an antenna diversity set-up according to the present invention a first mobile terminal (1) transmits a pre-defined antenna calibration signal to a second mobile terminal (15) using its omni-directional antenna (10). During the period of the transmitted signal the best receiving antenna (x) is identified at the second mobile terminal (15) by switching all its directional antennas (21 to 28) and its omni-directional antenna (20) into its receiving path and measuring the received signal quality, e.g. the received signal strength. The directional antenna (x) of the second network device (15) which is identified as best receiving antenna is then used for transmission and reception of data transfer with the first network device (1).

Abstract: According to the present invention a method and a receiver for high-frequency signals is provided. The receiver comprises a power divider (4) to divide a modulated RF input signal in at least two branches. At least one delay line (5, 6) provides for a delay of the branches relatively to each other by a predetermined delay constant. A calculation circuit (7, 8) calculates at least three power levels based on combinations (12, 13, 14) of the two branches of the input signal relatively delayed (5, 6) to each other. A processing means (10) calculates the phase and the amplitude of a complex signal representing the relation between the two branches of the input signal relatively delayed to each other, on the basis of the said at least three power levels (8). The invention therefore provides for a direct 6-port receiver based on non-coherent detection. The concept of the invention is inherently cheap and features high integration ability and low-cost processes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rechargeable battery pack (1) for a mobile terminal (10) of a wireless telecommunication system, with one or more battery cells (2), time reference means (3, 4) for generating relative time reference information (cv), identification means (5) for providing unique identification information (ID) allocated to the battery pack (1), and interface means (6) for transmitting said unique identification information (ID) and said relative time reference information (cv) to a connected mobile terminal (10) for updating real time information in the mobile terminal (10) on the basis of said unique identification information (ID) and said relative time reference information (cv).

Abstract: A predetermined area is protected from the disturbing usage of mobile terminals (e. g. cell phones) of a wireless communication system. Mode change information is sent over a system information message of a broadcast channel to change the operating mode (e. g. to deactivate) of the mobile terminal. This mode change information contains information, such as, the duration of the mode change, a reason for the mode change and information on groups of mobile terminals that will be exempted from the mode change. Additionally, the mobile terminal transmits an alarm signal to the user if the user is approaching a predetermined protected area.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a circular polarized antenna with a dielectric substrate (11) comprising a front and a back dielectric face (12, 13), a first and a second subantenna (14, 15), each comprising a first and a second element for radiating and receiving circular polarized electromagnetic signals, the first and second subantenna being arranged orthogonal to each other on the dielectric substrate (11) and having essentially conjugate complex impedances, a transmission line (18, 25, 30, 46) connected with the first and second subantenna for transmitting signals to and from said first and second subantenna and a reflector (16) spaced to and parallel with the back face (23) of the dielectric substrate (11), a low loss material (17) being located between said reflector means (16) and said back face (13). This structure provides a radiation pattern with a variable shape. Further, this antenna can be printed onto a corresponding substrate and therefor be produced at low cost.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a base station (1, 1′) and a method for protecting a predetermined area from disturbing usage of mobile terminals of a wireless telecommunication system. Further, the present invention relates to a mobile terminal (7) the operation mode of which can be changed by mode change information received from a base station (1, 1′) to protect a predetermined area. A predetermined area might be an area, in which at least a high frequency part of the mobile terminals should be switched off automatically to avoid interference with electronic or electric devices, e. g. in hospital or airplanes. In other areas, e. g. restaurants, operas or the like, it is sufficient to reduce the volume of acoustic signals to be output so that other people in the area are not disturbed.

Abstract: A predetermined area is protected from the disturbing usage of mobile terminals (e.g. cell phones) of a wireless communication system. Mode change information is sent over certain predetermined channels of a telecommunication system to change the operating mode (e.g. to deactivate) of the mobile terminal. This mode change information contains information, such as, the duration of the mode change, a reason for the mode change and information on groups of mobile terminals that will be exempted from the mode change. Additionally, the mobile terminal transmits an alarm signal to the user if the user is approaching a predetermined protected area.

Abstract: An electronic device comprising two adjacent regions of materials with different electric properties is characterized in that one of the regions is formed by a columnar structure of a discotic liquid crystal material, said structure having interspaces defined between columns of said discotic liquid crystal material, said interspaces being part of the other region and comprising a second material having electric properties different from that of said discotic liquid crystal. The invention also relates to a method for producing an electronic structure for such devices.

Abstract: A gain-controlled amplifier with high dynamic range, useful in particular for frequencies in the GHz range, according to the invention comprises a bipolar or FET transistor (1) with an adaptive controlled feedback network (2) which may consist of one or a plurality of series connected diode(s) preferably PIN-diode(s). The transistor (1) and the controlling network (2, 3) can be operated at low voltages and current levels. Even for an operating frequency of 1 GHz and above, a gain control range of more than 20 dB can be obtained. Due to the feedback structure the linearity is enhanced especially for low gain values, and the controlled feedback does not degrade the noise figure. If used in an AGC loop circuit, the circuit current is increased for high input levels. Therefore the proposed circuit is suitable for battery powered receivers having input stages with automatic gain control.

Abstract: A component-based control application structure for the dynamic configuration, adaptation and extension of applications in wireless communication is presented. Thereby, a control application (304) for technical elements (301) of a mobile communications device (101a, 101b) is structured in components of a predetermined configuration (305), wherein the configuration (305) depends on the task to be performed. Each component (401) is provided with its own thread (404). Each component (401) is furthermore provided with a method interface (403) comprising different commands for the control of the operation of the respective component (401). The configuration (305) of the control application (304) can be changed dynamically (203) depending on the current task to be performed by the device.

Abstract: A gain-controlled amplifier with a high dynamic range, useful in particular for frequencies in the GHz range, according to the invention comprises a bipolar or FET transistor (1) with an adaptive controlled feedback network (2) which may consist of one or a plurality of series connected diode(s) preferably PIN-diode(s). The transistor (1) and the controlling network (2, 3) can be operated at low voltages and current levels. Even for an operating frequency of 1 GHz and above, a gain control range of more than 20 dB can be obtained. Due to the feedback structure the linearity is enhanced especially for low gain values, and the controlled feedback does not degrade the noise figure. If used in an AGC loop circuit, the circuit current is increased for high input levels. Therefore the proposed circuit is suitable for battery powered receivers having input stages with automatic gain control.

Abstract: According to the invention, information from a differential decoder (1) receiving the MSB of the in-phase component and the MSB of the quadrature component is used to derotate the LSBs of the in-phase component and the LSBs of the quadrature component into the first quadrant with a rotator (2). Then only one quadrant is demapped by a single quadrant demapper (3). Thereby, the look-up table necessary for the demapping circuit is reduced considerably. The output signal of the QAM de-mapping circuit is build from the demapped LSBs of the in-phase and quadrature components output by the single quadrant demapper (3) and the outputs of the differential decoder (1).

Abstract: A weighted median filter interpolator for the interlaced to progressive conversion of video signals is proposed in which for example depending on the available or processable source fields the filter interpolator mode can be set to realize either a three-tap weighted median interpolator or a five-tap weighted median interpolator by respective selection of the weights such that the number of median samples to be processed at a certain time is always an odd number. An increased output quality is achieved if in the case of the five-tap weighted median IPC filter mode a three-dimensional filter aperture is set spreading over a horizontal, a vertical and a temporal dimension of three consecutive fields of an incoming interlaced video signal.

Abstract: The method and apparatus of the invention pertains to a simultaneously modulated light beam carrying the information of a three-dimensional image is directed to pixels (image points) defining a first light emitting surface, a component of the light beam is emitted from the pixels within a predetermined angle of view (field of view) in the different view directions, with an intensity corresponding to the three-dimensional image, the modulated light beams are directed to the pixels from different entry angles, depending on the emitting angles within the angle of view, wherein the light beams modulated corresponding to the different directions are directed to the pixels of the first light emitting surface from one or more light emitting points of a second light emitting surface, the second light emitting surface being spaced apart with a predetermined distance from the first light emitting surface.

Abstract: According to the present invention an antenna support structure for at least three directional antenna sub-systems provided, wherein the antenna sub-systems can be preferably planar antenna arrays. The antenna support structure (1) comprises at least four panels (3, 4) adapted to support respectively one of the antenna sub-systems (2). The panels (3, 4) include a main panel (3) and at least three secondary panels (4) respectively adjacent to the main panel (3). The secondary panels (4) can be respectively attached by hinge means (5) to the main panel (3). Therefore the secondary panels (4) can be individually adjusted in a predetermined angle to the main panel (3). The antenna support structure according to the present invention can be particularly used in combination with wide-band printed dipole antennas for micro-wave and millimeter-wave applications.