Abstract: Disclosed herein is a novel approach to the chemical synthesis of titanium metal from a titanium oxide source material, such as a mineral comprising titanium. In the approach described herein, a titanium oxide source is reacted with Mg vapor to extract a pure Ti metal. The method disclosed herein is more scalable, cheaper, faster, and safer than prior art methods.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to modified textile material, wherein the modification is carried out by treating textile material with Hydroxyapatite. Such modified textile materials show bacterio-repulsion by preventing bacteria from attaching to their surfaces, thereby preventing malodor formation. The present disclosure also relates to process for obtaining the modified textile material as well as use of Hydroxyapatite as a bacterial repellent agent for preparing odor free textile material.

Abstract: Graphene oxide is synthesized by chemical treatment of graphite using only H2SO4, KMnO4, H2O2 and/or H2O as reagents. Graphene oxide films obtained using the method disclosed herein were characterized using various analytical techniques. These analytical techniques confirmed the creation of single to few layer graphene oxide with relatively large lateral size distribution using the method disclosed herein.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a novel approach to the chemical synthesis of titanium metal from a titanium oxide source material. In the approach described herein, a titanium oxide source is reacted with Mg vapor to extract a pure Ti metal. The method disclosed herein is more scalable, cheaper, faster, and safer than prior art methods.

Abstract: This invention relates to a moisture management fabric and methods of producing such a fabric. In some embodiments, the moisture management fabric is a multi-layered fabric comprising an inner layer, and intermediate layer and an outer layer. In other embodiments the fabric is one or two layers. In some embodiments, the inner layer comprises a fabric treated with a nanoparticle dispersion. In some embodiments, the intermediate, inner, or single layer comprises a hydrophilicity gradient. In some other embodiments, the outer layer comprises at least one nanofiber.

Abstract: The compositions and methods herein relate to stable dispersions of long chain carboxylic acid-stabilized magnetite nanoparticles dispersed in alcohol. These compositions are useful in advanced biomedical applications.

Abstract: This invention relates to a moisture management fabric and methods of producing such a fabric. In some embodiments, the moisture management fabric is a multi-layered fabric comprising an inner layer, and intermediate layer and an outer layer. In other embodiments the fabric is one or two layers. In some embodiments, the inner layer comprises a fabric treated with a nanoparticle dispersion. In some embodiments, the intermediate, inner, or single layer comprises a hydrophilicity gradient. In some other embodiments, the outer layer comprises at least one nanofiber.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods, systems and compositions for surface treatments of substrate surfaces. Specifically, embodiments provided herein are for methods and compositions for imparting hydrophobicity to substrate surfaces. The embodiments provided herein are for methods of imparting hydrophobicity to substrate surfaces comprising the steps of hydrolyzing a solution comprising a titanium precursor to obtain a titania sol, diluting the titania sol solution, treating the substrate surface with the at least one dilution of the titania sol, and drying the treated substrate surface. Further, surface treatment compositions comprising titania sol solutions are provided herein.

Abstract: A solid fertilizer composition wherein a nitrogen-containing macronutrient is adsorbed on the surface of hydroxyapatite phosphate nanoparticles and wherein the ratio of the nitrogen-containing macronutrient to the hydroxyapatite phosphate is between 1:1 and 10:1. In certain embodiments, said solid fertilizer composition slowly releases the nitrogen-containing macronutrient to soil.

Abstract: A fertilizer composition wherein a nitrogen containing macronutrient is adsorbed on the surface of hydroxyapatite phosphate nanoparticles. Said fertilizer composition slowly releases the nitrogen containing macronutrient to soil.

Abstract: A macronutrient sustained release composition for a plant locus having nitrogen containing macronutrient compound adsorbed on the surface of hydroxyapatite phosphate nanoparticles, and a process for preparation thereof. The macronutrient adsorbed hydroxyapatite phosphate nanoparticles are encapsulated within cavities present in wood such that the biodegradation of the wood releases the adsorbed macronutrient compounds in a slow and sustained manner to the soil. Further, the macronutrient particles are encapsulated within the cell cavities of wood and wood is coated with cellulose modified hydroxyapatite phosphate nanoparticles such that the rupture of the nanocoating initiates the nitrogen release followed by the biodegradation of the wood releases the rest of the adsorbed macronutrient compounds in a slow and sustained manner to the soil.

Abstract: A fertilizer composition wherein a nitrogen containing macronutrient is adsorbed on the surface of hydroxyapatite phosphate nanoparticles. Said fertilizer composition slowly releases the nitrogen containing macronutrient to soil.

Abstract: A catalyst free process for manufacturing carbon nanotubes by inducing an arc discharge from a vein graphite anode and a vein graphite cathode in an inert gas atmosphere contained in a closed vessel. The process is carried out at atmospheric pressure in the absence of external cooling mechanism for the carbon cathode or the carbon anode.

Abstract: A process for making magnetite nanoparticle dispersions by reacting the surface groups of the destructured magnetite ore with carboxyl acid groups of the long chain carboxylic acid to form nanoparticles containing bound stabilizer and dispersing the nanoparticles in alcoholic solvent.

Abstract: A process for producing a natural rubber nanocomposite containing exfoliated organically modified montmorillonite and maleic anhydride grafted elastomer in a dispersion of natural rubber and reinforcing filler/inert filler wherein the cured nanocomposite has improved mechanical properties compared to conventional rubber compound containing a mixture of the reinforcing filler, carbon black and the inert filler, CaCO3.

Abstract: A macronutrient sustained release composition for a plant locus having nitrogen containing macronutrient compound adsorbed on the surface of hydroxyapatite phosphate nanoparticles, and a process for preparation thereof. The macronutrient adsorbed hydroxyapatite phosphate nanoparticles are encapsulated within cavities present in wood such that the biodegradation of the wood releases the adsorbed macronutrient compounds in a slow and sustained manner to the soil. Further, the macronutrient particles are encapsulated within the cell cavities of wood and wood is coated with cellulose modified hydroxyapatite phosphate nanoparticles such that the rupture of the nanocoating initiates the nitrogen release followed by the biodegradation of the wood releases the rest of the adsorbed macronutrient compounds in a slow and sustained manner to the soil.

Abstract: A macronutrient sustained release composition for a plant locus containing a nanocomposite wherein a nitrogen containing macronutrient compound adsorbed on the surface of hydroxy apatite phosphate nanoparticles is intercalated within the interlayer spacing of a nanoclay. The nanocomposite containing the adsorbed macronutrient compounds is slowly released in a sustained manner when contacted with an acidic soil.

Abstract: A catalyst free process for manufacturing carbon nanotubes by inducing an arc discharge from a carbon anode and a carbon cathode in an inert gas atmosphere contained in a closed vessel. The process is carried out at atmospheric pressure in the absence of external cooling mechanism for the carbon cathode or the carbon anode.