Abstract: The invention provides an aqueous composition that includes a hydroxy-substituted mono-, di-, or tri-carboxylic acid; phosphoric acid; a surfactant; and water. The invention further provides a method for removing lead from the surface of metal, the method includes contacting a metal surface with an aqueous composition that includes a hydroxy-substituted mono-, di-, or tri-carboxylic acid; phosphoric acid; a surfactant; and water; to provide a metal surface with a reduced amount of leachable lead. The leachable lead on the surface of the metal can be reduced to below 1 ppb by using the composition described herein.
Abstract: The invention provides an aqueous composition that includes a hydroxy-substituted mono-, di-, or tri-carboxylic acid; phosphoric acid; a surfactant; and water. The invention further provides a method for removing lead from the surface of metal, the method includes contacting a metal surface with an aqueous composition that includes a hydroxy-substituted mono-, di-, or tri-carboxylic acid; phosphoric acid; a surfactant; and water; to provide a metal surface with a reduced amount of leachable lead. The leachable lead on the surface of the metal can be reduced to below 1 ppb by using the composition described herein.