Abstract: The present invention relates to a panel comprising a plurality of panel members (1) applied parallel to each other to a backing (2), spacers (4) which are applied to the backing between adjacent panel members in order to position the same (11) spaced from each other by a gap, as well as cover members (5) which are applied over the gap between two adjacent panel members and which have a width which is greater than the width of a spacer. The spacers (4) have a thickness which is different from that of the panel members (1) and on their rear face the cover members (5) exhibit a groove (6) or a ridge which is essentially as wide as the spacer and exhibits opposite limiting edges (8) which in coaction with edge portions of the spacer and of adjacent panel members respectively, achieve centering of the cover member over the spacer and the gap. The invention also relates to a method for mounting such a panel.

Abstract: A cardboard with great rigidity and low grammage, as well as a package made thereof, is described. The cardboard consists of a core, which is surrounded by at least one, preferably 1-3 outer plies, on each side. The cardboard has a grammage of 100-300 g/m2, a bending resistance index of at least 25 Nm6/kg3, and a Scott Bond z-strength of at least 100 J/m2. The core of the cardboard consists of chemi-thermomechanical pulp and has a density of 200-450 kg/m3 and the core constitutes 55-80% of the total grammage of the cardboard. The outer plies have a tensile stiffness index of 7.0-9.5 kgNm/g and mainly consist of chemical pulp.

Abstract: A method and a color mixture for shading paper, and a shaded paper that comprises or consists of one or more layers made of the same or different pulps, which paper is intended to be used in connection with foodstuffs. The pulp or paper layer is treated with a color mixture of at least two optically cooperating pigments that are approved for foodstuffs, one of which is quinacridone red with the FDA registration details C.I. pigment violet 19, C.I. No. 73900 (Code of Federal Regulations, Food and Drugs, Title 21, Part 170-199), and constituting the primary component of the color mixture, in order to obtain a shaded paper with a value for the color coordinate b* that is between 0 and 3. The primary component may comprise between about 75-85 per cent of the color mixture with the rest at least one blue pigment, such as phthalocyanine blue.

Abstract: A method and a color mixture for shading paper, and a shaded paper that comprises or consists of one or more layers made of the same or different pulps, which paper is intended to be used in connection with foodstuffs. The pulp or paper layer is treated with a color mixture of at least two optically cooperating pigments that are approved for foodstuffs, one of which is quinacridone red with the FDA registration details C.I. pigment violet 19, C.I. No. 73900 (Code of Federal Regulations, Food and Drugs, Title 21, Part 170-199), and constituting the primary component of the color mixture, in order to obtain a shaded paper with a value for the color coordinate b* that is between 0 and 3. The primary component may comprise between about 75-85 per cent of the color mixture with the rest at least one blue pigment, such as phthalocyanine blue.

Abstract: A process of improving the heat efficiency by condensation of vapor in concentrated chemical solutions, according to which vapor and a concentrated chemical solution are introduced into an absorber comprising a cooler/condenser. In accordance with the invention, the condensate formed in the condensation process is utilized to dilute the concentrated chemical solution in the absorber, and the heat of condensation and the heat of solution generated from the dilution step are recovered by heat exchanged thereof with a heat-absorbing medium. A plant for performing the process is described, comprising an absorber (1) and a cooler (condenser) associated therewith, and at least one heat exchanger (3) having an inlet and an outlet for supply and withdrawal of a heat-absorbing medium.

Abstract: A granulate of wood or some other cellulose-containing material, pieces or particles of said material being at least partially esterified with 10-50% of a dicarboxylic acid anhydride and then impregnated with 2-25% of a polyol, the granulate being stable in storage and being possible to hot press or hot form later. A method for preparing the granulate by esterification at 80-160.degree. C. and, subsequently, impregnation at 150.degree. C. at most. A method for manufacturing formed articles by hot pressing or hot forming of the granulate, without the presence of a formaldehyde-containing adhesive and preferably without the presence of any other type of adhesive.

Abstract: The invention relates to the recovery of chemicals from waste liquor from wood pulp process, primarily black liquor, while utilizing energy liberated. Controlled total vaporization of the pulp waste liquor at high temperature and low oxygen potential is achieved by the external supply of energy. During the subsequent condensation and separation of melt or water solution is obtained which, without causticizing, can be used for the preparation of white liquor, and also an energy rich gas and mainly free from sulphur, consisting primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing compositions which can be used for preparing sodium dithionite, in which sulphur dioxide is brought into contact with a recirculating aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and previously absorbed sulphur dioxide to a ratio of sulphur dioxide and the sum of sulphur dioxide and sodium oxide of 0.61-0.66, whereafter the resultant mixture is pressurized and liquid sulphur dioxide introduced therein to a ratio between sulphur dioxide and the sum of sulphur dioxide and sodium oxide of 0.75-0.81, and the water content is adjusted to a concentration of sulphur dioxide+sodium oxide of 10-13 percent by weight. The invention also relates to the use of the prepared composition for the manufacture of dithionite.

Abstract: The invention relates to the recovery of chemicals from waste liquor from wood pulp process, primarily black liquor, while utilizing energy liberated. Controlled total vaporization of the pulp waste liquor at high temperature and low oxygen potential is achieved by the external supply of energy. During the subsequent condensation and separation a melt or water solution is obtained which, without causticizing, can be used for the preparation of white liquor, and also an energy rich gas and mainly free from sulphur, consisting primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: For determining the relative humidity of a highly moist gas, particularly air exiting from a wood-drying apparatus, there is used a humidity sensing arrangement having a capacitive sensor, whose capacitance varies with changes in the relative humidity of gas to which it is exposed, and means for generating an output signal proportional to the prevailing capacitance of said capacitive sensor. The capacitive sensor is exposed to a heated partial flow of the highly moist gas, and the output signal of the output signal generating means is modified in correspondence with the extent to which the partial flow has been heated.

Abstract: Apparatus for automatically inspecting seedling units containing growth medium and arranged in rows and columns in the form of a matrix of pot-cells tray like containers, uses a retractable gang-sensor unit which is in the form of a sensor bridge to identify individual pot cells which do not contain an acceptable seedling or do not have any germination. Pot cells so identified are remembered as to their location in the matrix and are evacuated by vertically downward moving plungers. Pot cells which are thus emptied may be filled with acceptable seedlings together with the growth medium, so that each tray contains a totality of acceptable seedlings. Trays thus processed can be used for elevated growing of seedlings with maximum utility of space in the green house where the seedlings are grown. The tray like container is advanced each time a sensing and evacuating operation is completed.

Abstract: A method is suggested for the reduction of finely-divided iron oxide in a fluidized bed, with the air of reducing gases formed by partial combustion in the bed of finely-divided carbonaceous material by gas containing molecular oxygen, which is supplied through nozzles (4). The exterior surface of the nozzles is cooled to a temperature lower than 200.degree. C below the melting point of the reduced metal. In this way the particles of the reduced iron are prevented from adhering to the nozzles.

Abstract: Apparatus for reducing finely divided iron oxide material, comprising a reactor containing a vertical upper reaction chamber connected downwardly to a narrower, vertical reaction chamber. A cyclone separator is connected to the upper reaction chamber for separating solid material and recycling it to the reactor so that a circulating fluidized bed can be maintained in the apparatus. In accordance with the invention, a recycling conduit is connected to the bottom of the lower reaction chamber. A tapping-off shaft for reduced material is also connected to the bottom of the lower reaction chamber. A reducing agent is supplied to the upper reaction chamber, and combustion air is supplied to the bottom of the upper reaction chamber. The apparatus also comprises means for preheating the iron oxide material with the exhaust gas from the reactor and for passing said preheated iron oxide into the lower reaction chamber. The apparatus also comprises means for stripping the exhaust gas from CO.sub.2 and H.sub.

Abstract: A method for making crude steel has been disclosed where the crude steel is obtained by melt reduction using as raw materials fine grained oxide containing material, fine grained solid, liquid and/or gaseous fuels and oxygen gas; the method comprises the following interrelated steps of feeding the reaction materials into a molten steel bath through at least one compound nozzle, each of which has a central opening and two concentrically surrounding annular slits, injecting said iron oxide containing material, wherein the same may be prereduced to FeO, by admixing said iron oxide material with a fuel including fine grained slag formers, said injecting of the iron oxide, fuel or slag formers being into the steel bath through the inner annular slit at such a depth under the surface of the bath that said iron oxides become melt reduced before these reach the surface of the bath, injecting oxygen, at the same time as said iron oxide containing material, fuel or slag formers are being injected, through the central,

Abstract: Titanium stabilized deep drawing steel containing from 0 to about 0.02 weight percent carbon, from 0 to about 0.04 weight percent manganese and from about 0.15 to about 0.3 weight percent titanium is rendered suitable for hot galvanizing by the inclusion therein of from about 0.03 to about 1.0 weight percent chromium, from about 0.02 to about 0.05 weight percent nickel and from about 0.04 to about 1.0 weight percent copper.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of combined production of electrical energy and crude iron and provides a further improvement over a method described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,985,544, issued Oct. 12, 1976; particularly, this method finds application when particulates of .ltoreq. 1 mm in size are being used in practicing the further improved and described process.

Abstract: In the reduction of finely divided material containing metal oxide in the presence of a carbonaceous material in a reactor, a gas containing molecular oxygen is supplied to the material and a gas mixture containing carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and water is removed from the reactor. Part of the gas mixture is returned to the reactor unchanged, while another part is supplied with steam which is caused to react with the carbon monoxide to form carbon dioxide in the presence of a catalytic material. The carbon dioxide is removed from this part of the gas mixture and this part is returned to the reactor. The amount of steam supplied is sufficient to produce an amount of carbon dioxide in this part of the gas mixture, before the carbon dioxide is removed, which is at least as great as the total amount of carbon dioxide in those parts of the gas mixture removed from the reactor which are returned to the reactor.