Abstract: A holder for semiconductor manufacturing equipment is provided, in which electrical leakage and sparks do not occur across the electrode terminals and lead wires to supply power to a resistive heating element embedded in a holder, and the thermal uniformity in the holder is within ±1.0%. The holder for semiconductor manufacturing equipment, that is provided in a chamber to which reactive gas is supplied, comprises a ceramic holder 1 which holds a treated material 10 on a surface thereof and is provided with a resistive heating element 2 for heating the material to be treated, and a support member 6 one end of which supports the ceramic holder 1 at a position other than the surface holding the material to be treated, and the other end of which is fixed to the chamber.

Abstract: Provided are an optical transmitter and an optical communication system which are improved in terms of both light transmission quality and reception sensitivity. A laser diode 12 is driven by driver 11 by a direct intensity modulation method and emits laser light. An intensity modulator 13, to which intensity-modulated light is input from the laser diode 12 and from which the intensity-modulated light is output, has an input/output characteristic such that the greater the power Pin of input light, the greater the ratio R (=Pout/Pin) between the power Pin of light input to the intensity modulator 13 and the power Pout of the light output from the intensity modulator 13.