Abstract: A method for oxygen delignifying magnesium sulfite pulp is disclosed. More particularly, a method is disclosed by which the spent liquors from digestion of magnesium sulfite pulp and from alkaline oxygen bleaching of the pulp can be combined and combusted without a smelt of sodium compounds being formed during the combustion.

Abstract: Bales are stacked at a fixed station within a conveyor transport path. The bales are positionally adjusted in two directions before being stacked in order to provide compact and stable stacks. The completed stacks are subsequently moved along the transport path without the necessity of any concurrent relocation of the stacking apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for pressing and binding voluminous material into bales, in which material in the form of several layers is supplied through a closable opening into a pressing chamber where compression takes place of each supplied layer. Final pressing is carried out at high pressure after a desired number of layers have been supplied into the pressing chamber, whereafter the pressing effect is lowered to a substantially lower pressure, so that the material compressed into a bale is permitted to expand, and the bale thereafter is discharged from said pressing chamber through a closable opening and bound while said substantially lower pressure is being maintained.

Abstract: An improved tower for gas-phase bleaching of cellulose pulp at high pulp consistency including in series a gas zone space beneath said gas zone for a column of fibrous material, a mixing zone and a dilution zone, wherein a hub body is located centrally at the bottom of the tower and provided with driving means for rotation of the shaft bearing the hub body, and the torque required for rotating the hub body is continuously measured. The rate of dilution liquid is varied inversely with variation in torque thereby maintaining substantially constant the consistency of the diluted fibrous material as withdrawn from the bottom of the tower. The height of the pulp column is measured and kept constant by controlling the withdrawal of diluted fibrous material.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for concentrating liquid-containing substances are disclosed. The disclosed method includes contacting liquid-containing substances such as fiber suspensions with separating means as the substance flows in a first direction so that a portion of the liquid is separated from the liquid-containing substance, withdrawing the liquid through the separating means in a second direction, intermittently interrupting the flow of the liquid downstream from that point of withdrawal to terminate the flow of the liquid through the separating means and preventing return flow of the separated liquid through the separating means.

Abstract: Apparatus for refining fibrous materials is disclosed, including first and second refining discs defining a refining space therebetween, a passageway for feeding fibrous material to said refining space from the outer surface of one of said refining discs, a funnel for feeding fibrous material to the outer surface of that refining disc at a first rate, and including an element mounted on the shaft on which said refining discs rotate for injecting the fibrous material into the passage at an increased velocity as compared to that rate. Preferably the element mounted on the shaft comprises a sleeve and includes an annular disc mounted on the sleeve and a plurality of radially projecting members affixed to the face of the annular disc facing the passage through the refining disc.

Abstract: An improved process for gas-phase bleaching of cellulose pulp at high pulp consistency including in series a gas zone space beneath said gas zone for a column of fibrous material, a mixing zone and a dilution zone, wherein a hub body is located centrally at the bottom of the tower and provided with driving means for rotation of the shaft bearing the hub body, and the torque required for rotating the hub body is continuously measured. The rate of dilution liquid is varied inversely with variation in torque thereby maintaining substantially constant the consistency of the diluted fibrous material as withdrawn from the bottom of the tower. The height of the pulp column is measured and kept constant by controlling the withdrawal of diluted fibrous material.

Abstract: An improved tower for gas-phase bleaching of cellulose pulp at high pulp consistency including in series a gas zone space beneath said gas zone for a column of fibrous material, a mixing zone and a dilution zone, wherein a hub body is located centrally at the bottom of the tower and provided with driving means for rotation of the shaft bearing the hub body, and the torque required for rotating the hub body is continuously measured. The rate of dilution liquid is varied inversely with variation in torque thereby maintaining substantially constant the consistency of the diluted fibrous material as withdrawn from the bottom of the tower. The height of the pulp column is measured and kept constant by controlling the withdrawal of diluted fibrous material.

Abstract: A grinding machine for grinding workpieces, such as ingots and billets, is provided which, in combination, includes a movable table for supporting the workpiece, a base arranged adjacent to the movable table, and a pair of arms pivotally mounted on the base. A holder supports a grinding wheel, and the holder is pivotally connected to the pair of arms at a pivot so that the contact force of the grinding wheel with the workpiece is caused by the turning moment of the holder about the pivot. A hydraulic cylinder is connected to the holder for pivoting the holder and the grinding wheel about the pivot so that the contact force of the grinding wheel may be balanced and controlled. In addition, the hydraulic cylinder is supported on a movable carriage and is connected to the pivot so that the hydraulic cylinder is movable with the holder and the grinding wheel as the holder moves about the pivot.

Abstract: Finely disintegrated and fluffed cellulose pulp, at a consistency of 25-35%, is introduced into the top of a reaction tower and countercurrently bleached with oxygen gas, introduced into the lower portion of the tower, at a temperature of 80.degree.-120.degree. C. The pulp is maintained in the tower as a gas permeable column having a maximum height, in meters, equal to five tenths of the pulp consistency.

Abstract: A machine for compressing and wrapping a coil of wire material is provided which includes a press for compressing the wire coil and wrapping means for wrapping the compressed wire coil with binding wire. The press includes first and second press means movable relative to each other with the first press means including pressing surfaces and the second press means including a pressing plate wherein the pressing plate cooperates with the pressing surfaces for compressing the wire coil. The first press means further includes wrapping means for wrapping the compressed wire coil with a binding wire and includes a substantially horizontal mandrel for receiving the wire coil and four press arms concentrically arranged about the mandrel and being relatively movable therewith to enclose the wire coil. Each of the press arms includes the pressing surfaces and first guide bars for guiding the binding wire.

Abstract: In a pressing apparatus for compressing a mass of fibrous material, such as cellulose pulp, into a bale and wrapping the resulting bale with wire or strip, there is used a bale press stand, a stationary first press plate and a second press plate movable toward and away from said press plate, together with means for moving said second press plate. The second press plate has a pressure-applying face constituted by a planar border surface normal to the direction of movement of said second press plate and a centrally disposed portion projecting 10-50 mm. from the plane of said border surface, for effecting a permanent depression, centrally in an end surface of a bale formed in said apparatus, facilitating the gripping and lifting of a wire or strip which is wrapped around a number of such bales.

Abstract: An apparatus for concentration of or liquid treatment of liquid-containing substance mixtures, particularly cellulose pulp, in which a preferably upright container is adapted for axial flow of cellulose pulp therethrough. A plurality of screen bodies which have outlets and are mounted in the container and have perforated or slotted walls for the collection of liquid separated from the cellulose pulp are provided. The screen bodies are arranged substantially radially in the cross-section of the container and extend from the periphery of the container to a filling body or the like provided in the container preferably centrally therein.

Abstract: A device for carrying out liquid treatment of a fiber pulp suspension to form a running fiber web includes an arc-shaped duct having various portions. The first portion has a converging cross-section for compressing the fiber pulp suspension to form the fiber web. The second portion has a diverging cross-section for the expansion of the fiber web and includes a liquid-treatment zone. The third portion has a converging cross-section for compressing the fiber web. Along its length, the duct is defined inwardly by a rotary cylindrical screen member and radially outwardly by a stationary wall member.

Abstract: A pulp bale press for forming the pulp bale including a first press table and a second press table between which the bale is pressed. One of the tables has protrusions for forming recesses in the bale, which recesses slope downwardly from an upper surface of the bale to lateral surfaces of the bale. The bale is held together by a wire or strap to which a lifting hook is applied to lift the bale. The wire or strap extends about the recesses resulting in a reduced lifting angle between portions of the wire or strap extending from the bale on either side to the hook, thereby limiting tension in the wire or strap.