Abstract: A ferroelectric thin film precursor material is annealed while in an electric field. The electric field is maintained as the material cools. A partially completed integrated circuit with a ferroelectric thin film precursor material may be placed between two electrodes in an annealing apparatus and voltage sufficient to polarize the ferroelectric thin film material in the direction of the electrical field is supplied to the electrodes during the anneal and as the film cools. Alternatively, probes are connected to the electrodes of a partially completed integrated circuit device and voltage sufficient to polarize the ferroelectric material is applied while annealing the material and as it cools. The anneal may be a furnace anneal or an RTP anneal.

Abstract: A method of forming a Bi-layered superlattice material on a substrate using chemical vapor deposition of a precursor solution of trimethylbismuth and a metal compound dissolved in an organic solvent. The precursor solution is heated and vaporized prior to deposition of the precursor solution on an integrated circuit substrate by chemical vapor deposition. No heating steps including a temperature of 650° C. or higher are used.