Abstract: To provide a solenoid, a solenoid valve, and a damper in which when the amount of current supplied to the solenoid is small, the thrust of the solenoid to bias an object in one direction can be made small, and at the same time, even when the solenoid is not energized, the object can be biased in the same direction as that of the thrust. The solenoid includes a coil, a first movable iron core and a second movable iron core that are attracted in a direction away from each other by energizing the coil, a coil spring that biases the first movable iron core toward the second movable iron core, and a leaf spring that restricts the approach of the first movable iron core and the second movable iron core.

Abstract: To provide a solenoid, a solenoid valve, and a damper in which when the amount of current supplied to the solenoid is small, the thrust of the solenoid to bias an object in one direction can be made small, and at the same time, even when the solenoid is not energized, the object can be biased in the same direction as that of the thrust. The solenoid includes a coil, a first movable iron core and a second movable iron core that are attracted in a direction away from each other by energizing the coil, a coil spring that biases the first movable iron core toward the second movable iron core, and a leaf spring that restricts the approach of the first movable iron core and the second movable iron core.

Abstract: A sliding member manufacturing method for manufacturing a sliding member having a sliding portion, wherein the sliding member is manufactured by forming a solid phase joint between a bulk material that is made of an iron based metal and functions as a main body portion of the sliding member and a bulk material that is made of a Cu alloy and functions as the sliding portion by applying heat and pressure thereto using a spark plasma sintering method.

Abstract: The invention provides a shoe for a hydraulic apparatus and manufacturing method thereof, by which production cost can be lowered without making a sliding-contact surface uneven by a welding process. The shoe comprises a main body (10) provided on one side (10a) thereof with a concave spherical surface (12) to which a sphere is slidably engaged, and on the opposite side (10b) thereof with a locking portion (14) and a sliding-contact plate (11) provided with an engaging portion (20) by which to be engaged with the locking portion (14) to make contact with the opposite side (10b), wherein the sliding-contact plate (11) comprises a first layer (18) to make contact with the opposite side (10b) and a second layer (19) laminated on a region of the first layer (18) leaving uncovered welding portion (21) so that its surface serves as a sliding-contact surface (19a), and the first layer (18) is welded to the main body (10) at the welding portion (21).

Abstract: An improved powder-compacting method and apparatus designed to require a reduce level of a pressurizing force for powder compacting by utilizing an elastomeric plate for compaction, thereby allowing powder to be compacted by means of a smaller-scaled compacting apparatus instead of a larger-scaled compacting apparatus.