Abstract: An additive manufacturing development method includes predicting a defect that occurs in a product based on a combination of a plurality of design data and a plurality of manufacturing conditions, collecting defect detection data for defect detection by monitoring the product during manufacturing in accordance with the combination of the plurality of design data and the plurality of manufacturing conditions, and generating a process map in which the plurality of manufacturing conditions are plotted using the predicted defect and the collected defect detection data. The method further includes collecting defect repair data for defect repair by monitoring the product during manufacturing and repairing a defect detected from the product, and storing the defect and the defect repair data in association with each other using the defect repair data and a repair result.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus for controlling additive manufacturing of a powder bed method includes an acquirer that acquires roughness data indicating a roughness of a manufacturing surface after melting, and defect determiner that divides the manufacturing surface into small regions each having a predetermined size, and compares the roughness data with a predetermined threshold for each small region, thereby determining whether a defect exists in the small region. If an unmolten region is included in the small region, the defect determiner replaces data of the manufacturing surface in the unmolten region using data of the manufacturing surface in the small region, and determines whether a defect exists in the small region including the unmolten region. Also, the manufacturing defect detection method further includes a defect repair instructor that instructs remelting of a region that is determined by the defect determiner to have a defect.

Abstract: This invention provides a copper powder to which tin (Sn) is added such that a high-density laminated and shaped product can be obtained by a laminating and shaping method using a fiber laser as a heat source by appropriately reducing the electrical conductivity of copper, so a laminated and shaped product having a high density and a high electrical conductivity can be obtained. That is, this invention provides a copper powder for lamination shaping in which a tin element is added to pure copper. Desirably, the copper powder contains 0.5 wt % or more of the tin element. More desirably, the copper powder contains 5.0 wt % or more of the tin element. When the product has an electrical conductivity sufficient as a copper product, the copper powder desirably contains 6.0 wt % or less of the tin element. Furthermore, no element other than the tin element is desirably added to the copper powder.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method of efficiently improving a relative density of a shaped object using an evaluation criterion having a higher correlation with a density of an object to be shaped. The method according to this invention includes acquiring three-dimensional point group data of a surface of a shaping object, calculating at least one of three-dimensional surface texture parameters extended to a plane region using the three-dimensional point group data, and evaluating a quality of the object to be shaped using the at least one of the three-dimensional surface texture parameters.

Abstract: In this invention, a copper powder to which phosphorus (P) is added is developed such that a high-density laminated and shaped product can be obtained by a laminating and shaping method using a fiber laser as a heat source by appropriately reducing the electrical conductivity of copper, so a laminated and shaped product having a high density and a high electrical conductivity can be obtained. This invention is a copper powder for lamination shaping in which a phosphorus element is added to pure copper. The copper powder desirably contains 0.01 wt % or more of the phosphorus element. The copper powder more desirably contains 0.04 wt % or more of the phosphorus element. The copper powder desirably contains 0.30 wt % or less of the phosphorus element. The copper powder more desirably contains 0.24 wt % or less of the phosphorus element. No element other than the phosphorus element is desirably added to the copper powder.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of evaluating a squeegeeing property of powder for lamination shaping by stable criteria. In this method, the squeegeeing property is evaluated using at least a satellite adhesion ratio of the powder and an apparent density of the powder. The satellite adhesion ratio is the ratio of the number of particles on which satellites are adhered to the number of all particles. If the satellite adhesion ratio is equal to or less than 50%, and the apparent density is equal to or more than 3.5 g/cm3, the squeegeeing property is evaluated as that the powder can be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. Furthermore, if the 50% particle size of a powder obtained by a laser diffraction method is 3 to 250 ?m, the squeegeeing property is evaluated as that the powder can be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping.

Abstract: A nozzle according to one embodiment has an inner surface and an outer surface, and is provided with a first passage through which an energy ray passes, and a second passage that is provided between the inner surface and the outer surface, and through which powder and fluid pass. The second passage includes a second open end on one end thereof in a first direction. A first surface that is one of the inner surface and the outer surface includes a first edge on one end thereof in the first direction. A second surface that is the other one of those includes a second edge on one end thereof in the first direction, and is distanced from the first edge toward the first direction. The fluid ejected from the second open end flows along the second surface, and separates at the second edge.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of evaluating powder for lamination shaping by stable criteria. In this method, it is evaluated whether powder for lamination shaping can be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping, wherein the powder is evaluated using, as a flowability of the powder, an adhesive force of the powder calculated from a failure envelope obtained by a shear test. The shear test is conducted by a powder rheometer, and the adhesive force is obtained from the relationship between a normal stress and a shearing stress at the powder rheometer. If the adhesive force is 0.450 kPa or less, the powder is evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping. Furthermore, if at least one of that the 50% particle size of the powder obtained by a laser diffraction method is 3 to 250 ?m and that the apparent density of the powder is 3.5 g/cm3 or more is satisfied, the powder is evaluated to be spread into a uniform powder layer in the lamination shaping.

Abstract: A nozzle includes a nozzle member includes a first passage, a second passage surrounding the first passage and configured to eject powder and fluid from an end portion, a diffusion room apart from the end portion and configured to supply the powder and the fluid to the second passage, and a supply path to supply the powder and the fluid to the diffusion room. A first inner surface of the nozzle member includes a first curved surface in a conical shape having a diameter decreasing toward the end portion. A second inner surface of the nozzle member includes a second curved surface in a conical shape having a diameter decreasing toward the end portion. The second passage is formed between the first curved surface and the second curved surface. The diffusion room is formed between the first inner surface and the second inner surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides a laminating and shaping copper powder capable of shaping a laminated and shaped object of copper having a high electrical conductivity of, for example, 80% IACS or more. The present invention is a laminating and shaping copper powder obtained by mixing a nano-oxide of equal to or more than 0.01 wt % and equal to or less than 0.20 wt % and a pure copper powder. There is also provided a laminated and shaped object using the laminating and shaping copper powder of the present invention. There are also provided a manufacturing method of the laminated and shaped object using the laminating and shaping copper powder of the present invention and a laminating and shaping apparatus using the laminating and shaping copper powder.

Abstract: A management system is for managing a material of a three-dimensional deposition device that shapes a laminate by irradiation with a light beam and supplying of the material. The management system includes a shape data acquisition unit that acquires shape data of the laminate; a shaping condition setting unit that sets, based on the shape data, a set shaping condition as a shaping condition for shaping the laminate by the three-dimensional deposition device; a shaping simulation execution unit that executes, based on the set shaping condition, a shaping simulation for shaping the laminate with the set shaping condition; and a required material amount acquisition unit that acquires, based on an execution result of the shaping simulation, a required material amount that is an amount of the material required for shaping the laminate by the three-dimensional deposition device.

Abstract: A three-dimensional deposition method and a three-dimensional object are provided. Included are: a step of supplying a powder toward an outer peripheral surface of a shaft, irradiating the powder with a laser beam, and sintering or melting and solidifying at least a part of the powder irradiated with the laser beam to form a formed layer, so as to form a three-dimensional object body in which an internal space communicates with an exterior through an opening; a step of discharging a residue such as the powder in the internal space from the opening to an exterior; and a step of emitting the laser beam toward an end surface of the opening to melt and solidify the formed layer, so as to close the opening.

Abstract: In the three-dimensional deposition device and the three-dimensional deposition method, included are: a powder passage and a nozzle injection opening serving as a powder supply unit that supplies powder toward an object to be processed; a laser path serving as a light irradiation unit that irradiates the powder with a laser beam to sinter or melt and solidify at least a part of the powder irradiated with the laser beam to form a formed layer; an interference information acquisition unit that acquires interference information on the object to be processed with the powder injected from the nozzle injection opening based on the shape of the object to be processed; and a controller that changes the powder passage of the powder that the nozzle injection opening supplies to the object to be processed based on the interference information acquired by the interference information acquisition unit.

Abstract: A three-dimensional deposition device and a three-dimensional deposition device method are provided. Included are: a powder passage and a nozzle injection opening that supply a powder toward a working surface of an object to be processed; a laser path that irradiates the powder with a laser beam to sinter or melt and solidify at least a part of the powder irradiated with the laser beam so as to form formed layers; a rotation table unit serving as an irradiation angle changing unit that changes an irradiation angle of the laser beam emitted from the laser path to the working surface; and a controller that controls the rotation table unit so that the irradiation angle on an overhanging side with respect to the working surface is less than 90° in a range in which the formed layers can be formed.

Abstract: A calculation device used in a manufacturing apparatus for producing a 3D manufactured object from a solidified layer formed by heating a layer-shaped material layer formed of a powder material by irradiation with an energy beam includes a detection unit configured to obtain a state of the material layer based on a shape of the formed material layer, and an output unit configured to output information on the state of the material layer obtained by the detection unit to set a manufacturing condition of the manufacturing apparatus.

Abstract: A surface processing device, a surface processing method, and a three-dimensional deposition device are provided. Included are: a powder passage serving as a powder supply unit, which supplies a powder toward a working surface of an object to be processed; and a laser path serving as a light irradiation unit, which irradiates the powder before reaching the object to be processed with a light beam. An irradiation position of the light beam and an injection position of the powder on the working surface are offset.

Abstract: This invention provides, by simple mechanical treatment, a metal powder that generates no smoke phenomenon when laminating and shaping a metal object even when decreasing a preheating temperature. In the metal powder, a solidification structure including a dendritic structure on the surface of the metal powder has been flattened. The solidification structure including the dendritic structure has been flattened by mechanical treatment including collision treatment of the metal powder. The mechanical treatment is performed by heating the metal powder to 100° C. to 300° C. The metal powder is a metal powder that is heated to a predetermined temperature and whose capacitance component of a measured impedance becomes zero. This metal powder is a powder of a metal alloy produced by an atomization process or a plasma rotation electrode process. The metal alloy includes a nickel-based alloy, a cobalt-chrome alloy, an iron-based alloy, an aluminum alloy, and a titanium alloy.

Abstract: A general-purpose process window is constructed while saving cost and time. A process window generation method comprises performing laminating and shaping of samples using sets of at least two parameters for controlling laminating and shaping, which are scattered in a process window, determining, in a process map generated by mapping evaluation results obtained by evaluating the laminated and shaped samples, a boundary of the evaluation results by machine learning; and repeating the performing laminating and shaping and the determining while using a boundary region including the determined boundary as a new process window, and generating a process window separated by a finally determined boundary as a process window that guarantees quality of laminating and shaping.

Abstract: A calculation device used in a manufacturing apparatus for producing a 3D manufactured object from a solidified layer formed by heating a powder material by irradiation with an energy beam, includes a detection unit configured to obtain a state of at least a part of a predetermined region including a melted portion in which the powder material melts by being heated by irradiation with an energy beam, and an output unit configured to output state information based on the state obtained by the detection unit to change a manufacturing condition of the manufacturing apparatus.

Abstract: The stop time of a whole apparatus caused by planning of shaping, maintenance, replacement of a material, or the like is shortened. A three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus includes a plurality of shaping chambers, at least one material supplier that supplies a material of a three-dimensional laminated and shaped object onto a shaping table in each of the shaping chambers, at least one light beam irradiator that irradiates the material with a light beam, and a controller that controls the material supplier and the light beam irradiator. If the material supplier supplies the material onto one of the shaping tables, the controller controls the light beam irradiator to perform irradiation of the light beam onto the other one of the shaping tables.