Abstract: An inventive embodiment comprises a thermalization arrangement at cryogenic temperatures. The arrangement comprises a dielectric substrate (2) layer on which substrate a device/s or component/s (1) are positionable. A heat sink component (4) is attached on another side of the substrate. The arrangement further comprises a conductive layer (5) between the substrate layer (2) and the heat sink component (4). A joint between the substrate layer (2) and the conductive layer (5) has minimal thermal boundary resistance. Another joint between the conductive layer (5) and the cooling heat sink layer (4) is electrically conductive.

Abstract: This disclosure describes a capacitively controlled Fabry-Perot interferometer which comprises a first mirror layer with a first metallic thin-film layer embedded in a first insulating layer and a second mirror layer with a second metallic thin-film layer embedded within a second insulating layer. A control region in the first metallic thin-film layer is at least partly aligned in an actuation direction with a control region in the second metallic thin-film layer. The interferometer also comprises a first control electrode and a first dielectric layer, and the first dielectric layer lies between the first control electrode and at least a part of the control region of the first metallic thin-film layer.

Abstract: A polarizing device includes: a first waveguide to guide input light, a second waveguide to guide TE-polarized light, wherein the second waveguide includes a tapered input portion to polarization-selectively couple TE-polarized light from the first waveguide to the second waveguide, wherein the tapered input portion symmetrically overlaps the first waveguide, and the thickness of the tapered input portion has been selected to substantially prevent coupling of TM-polarized light from the first waveguide to the second waveguide, wherein the refractive index of the second waveguide is higher than the refractive index of the first waveguide.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus for measuring a spectrum of a gaseous sample includes a tunable laser light source to provide an illuminating light beam, a sample cell with an inner surface to provide scrambled light that is transmitted through the gaseous sample, a detector to detect intensity of transmitted scrambled light and a pressure control system to maintain an absolute pressure of the gaseous sample smaller than 50 kPa inside the sample cell to reduce spectral widths of spectral features of the gaseous sample. The measuring apparatus measures spectral transmittance values of the sample by modulating the spectral position of the illuminating light, and detecting the intensity of the transmitted light at different spectral positions. The divergence of the illuminating light beam in a transverse direction is greater than 30° to cause multiple consecutive reflections of the scrambled light from the inner surface.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a MEMS pressure sensor, comprising: a sensor portion comprising a deformable membrane and a first volume, and a valve portion comprising a first output to a first side of the pressure sensor and a second output to a second side of the pressure sensor. The valve portion is operable to close the second output and open the first output to equalize pressure in the first volume with pressure at the first side of the pressure sensor for calibrating the sensor; and close the first output and open the second output to equalize pressure in the first volume with pressure at the second side of the pressure sensor for pressure measurement.

Abstract: A novel microfluidic chip is proposed for performing a chemical or biochemical test in a metered reaction volume. The microfluidic chip has a body which defines an inner flow volume. An inlet has been provided to the body for connecting the inner flow volume to the ambient space. A waste channel forms part of the inner flow volume and is in fluid communication with the inlet. A sample channel also forms part of the inner flow volume and is in fluid communication with the inlet. The sample channel includes a first hydrophobic stop and a second hydrophobic stop at a distance from the first hydrophobic stop so as to provide a metered reaction volume there between. An expelling channel is in fluid communication with the metered reaction volume of the sample channel through the first hydrophobic stop. A sample reservoir is in fluid communication with the metered reaction volume of the sample channel through the second hydrophobic stop.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of joining objects of hydrophilic polymeric biomaterials. In the method, an ionic liquid is applied onto the surfaces of the objects; the surfaces are pressed together; and the ionic liquid is removed. The method produces a product that can consist to 100% of biomaterial, with no synthetic polymer or chemicals remaining in the product.

Abstract: The invention relates to devices and methods for polarization splitting, where a first optical coupler having at least one input port which receives an input light beam, and at least two output ports at which said light beam, is split into at least a first and a second arms at a first end of said arms. At least one total internal reflection mirror is coupled to the second arm for inducing polarization-dependent phase shifts to the light beam propagating in the second arm, and a polarization-dependent phase difference between the second and the first arm. A second optical coupler having input ports is coupled to the second and opposite ends of the arms. The second coupler has at least one first output port at which light is coupled from said arms, so that the polarization-dependent phase shift of the at least one total internal reflection mirror causes polarization-dependent coupling of light from said input port to said output port.

Abstract: An apparatus for purifying gas where gas is treated in a multistage treatment having at least two ejector stages, a motive medium including liquid, steam or gaseous agent at high pressure injected by an ejector of the ejector stage, and the gas is sucked into the same ejector and mixed with the motive medium for forming a mixture, at least a part of gas and/or liquid phase of the mixture is supplied to a second ejector stage having so that a second motive medium which includes liquid, steam or gaseous agent is injected to the ejector and the gas and/or the liquid phase is sucked into the same ejector in which the gas and/or liquid phase is mixed with the second motive medium for forming a second mixture, at least one of the mixtures includes an additive for removing impurities of the gas, and a purified gas is formed.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for controlling carbonation synthesis of silicon and/or aluminium carbonate minerals, wherein the concentration of dissolved silicon and/or aluminium in a mix to be cured is adjusted to at least 1 mmol/1 before curing he mix with gas comprising carbon dioxide (CO2) having a partial pressure of CO2 of at least 0.15 bar. In some embodiments of the isclosure an alkaline substance is added to the raw material to provide the mix where the total concentration of dissolved silicon and/or aluminium of at least 1 mmol/l. The disclosure also relates to a product obtainable by the methods of the disclosure as well as to the use of the product as building material, preferably for producing concrete-like products, more preferably for elements, most preferably for pre-casted elements and to the use of the method in construction industry or for production of elements and/or pre-casted elements.

Abstract: A method for generating a voltage waveform includes providing an optical signal, which comprises one or more sequences of optical pulses, distributing the optical pulses via optical waveguides to a plurality of optical-to-electrical converter units, using the optical-to-electrical converter units to convert the optical pulses into electric driving current pulses, generating voltage pulses by driving Josephson junctions with the electric driving current pulses.

Abstract: A radar including an interface configured to receive a frequency estimation output and a synchronization signal correlation output from a radio communication device; and a processing block configured to use the received frequency estimation output and synchronization signal correlation output for velocity and range estimation.

Abstract: A method for providing an electric waveform at a cryogenic temperatures includes providing an optical signal, which comprises an optical waveform, guiding the optical signal into a cryogenic chamber, and converting the optical waveform of the optical signal into an electric waveform inside the cryogenic chamber.

Abstract: A generator device for generating an arbitrary optical pulse pattern includes: a light source to provide primary laser pulses, a distributor to provide a plurality of primary optical pulses by distributing light of the primary laser pulses (LB00k) into a plurality of branches, a combiner to form an output signal by combining modulated optical signals from the branches, and a controller unit to provide control signals for controlling optical modulators of the branches, wherein a first branch comprises a first optical modulator to form a first modulated optical signal from primary optical pulses of the first branch, wherein a second branch comprises a second optical modulator to form a second modulated optical signal from primary optical pulses of the second branch, and wherein a propagation delay of the second branch is different from a propagation delay of the first branch.

Abstract: The present publication discloses a micromechanical structure including at least one active element, the micromechanical structure comprising a substrate, at least one layer formed on the substrate forming the at least part of the at least one active element, mechanical contact areas through which the micromechanical structure can be connected to other structures like printed circuit boards and like. In accordance with the invention the micromechanical structure includes weakenings like trenches around the mechanical contact areas for eliminating the thermal mismatch between the active element of the micromechanical structure and the other structures.

Abstract: A method, a computing unit and a system for token-based information exchange between a computing unit of a first entity (400A) and a computing unit of one second entity (400B) are presented. The method comprises obtaining (110) a token set (200A) associated with the first entity (400A) and a token set (200B) associated with the one second entity (400B), clustering (120) the token set (200A) associated with the first entity (400A) into clusters, requesting (130) information on tokens (205, 205A, 205B) from the computing unit of the one second entity (400B), receiving (140) information on said tokens (205, 205 A, 205B) from the computing unit of the one second entity (400B), determining (150) an active cluster associated with the first entity (400A), modifying (160) the token subset (310, 320) associated with the determined active cluster of the first entity (400A) at least partly with information on the received tokens (205, 205A, 205B) associated with the second entity (400B).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for purifying gas where gas is treated in a multistage treatment having at least two ejector stages, a motive medium including liquid, steam or gaseous agent at high pressure injected by an ejector of the ejector stage, and the gas is sucked into the same ejector and mixed with the motive medium for forming a mixture, at least a part of gas and/or liquid phase of the mixture is supplied to a second ejector stage having so that a second motive medium which includes liquid, steam or gaseous agent is injected to the ejector and the gas and/or the liquid phase is sucked into the same ejector in which the gas and/or liquid phase is mixed with the second motive medium for forming a second mixture, at least one of the mixtures includes an additive for removing impurities of the gas, and a purified gas is formed.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cost-effective method of producing cellulose based films by introducing an intense water removal system to the process, and cellulose based films thereof having improved properties.

Abstract: A Fabry-Perot interferometer includes a first mirror plate with a first semi-transparent mirror, a second semi-transparent mirror to define an optical cavity together with the first mirror, and one or more first supporting elements to support the first mirror plate, wherein the first mirror plate has a first substantially planar surface and a second substantially planar surface defining the maximum thickness of the first mirror plate, wherein the first mirror plate is bonded to the one or more first supporting elements by three or more joints, wherein each joint is bonded to the first mirror plate at a bonding region, wherein the distance between each bonding region and the first substantially planar surface is greater than 30% of the thickness of the mirror plate, and the distance between each bonding region and the second substantially planar surface is greater than 30% of the thickness of the mirror plate.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a non-toxic bio-based fire-retardant composition and fire-protective coating comprising high consistency nanofibrillated cellulose together with mineral component(s).