Abstract: A target classification method for radar systems wherein, in particular, jet aircraft, are classified in that the blade repetition rate and, in a further step, the number of blades, of an engine rotor wheel are determined and thus the type of engine is identified. Helicopters are classified by determining the blade repetition period of the primary or tail rotor.

Abstract: A proximity fuse, hereinafter called detonator for flying bodies, particularly missiles, to combat flying targets using speed information regarding the speed between detonator and target, wherein the firing of the detonator is initiated when the speed of approach v.sub.a and the relative speed v.sub.r differ by a firing value K.sub.z which is selected in dependence on the optimum point of firing where ##EQU1## and r=the location vector from detonator to target; ##EQU2## =the differential quotient after time t.

Abstract: A testing device is provided for performing four-point fatigue strength tests of a sample by applying alternating bending stresses to the sample. The device includes four rotary joints. Each rotary joint includes a pair of individual, spaced-apart rollers so that a sample can be guided between the individual rollers of the respective pairs of rollers. Each roller is rotatable about its own longitudinal axis. First and second plates are adapted to be fixed in a force introducing machine so that they are relatively movable toward and away from one another. Four holders are provided, each for supporting a respective one of the rotary joints. Two of the holders are mounted to the first plate, with the third and fourth holders being disposed between the two holders and being mounted to the second plate. Each holder mounts its rotary joint so that the individual rollers of the rotary joint are rotatable about a common rotation axis.

Abstract: To detect and classify a helicopter as a target by means of a radar system equipped with a Doppler filter bank, an initial determination is made as to whether the threshold value has been exceeded in a substantial number of the individual filters of the Doppler filter bank, and if so, the width of that amplitude band delimited by the highest and lowest amplitudes of the filter output signals is determined and a decision regarding the presence of a helicopter target is derived from the width of the amplitude band.

Abstract: A system for recognizing and tracking a target with the use of an observation device which is directed toward the target and which follows the target with the aid of a setting drive connected in series with a computer. The observation device furnishes a signal representative of the structure of the target to the computer for computation of the genuine correlation between a stored target structure signal B(x) which corresponds to the previously received image of the scene under observation, and the shifted target structure signal B' (x-.xi.) which corresponds to the momentary image of the scene under observation, the genuine target deviation being expressed by the position of the maximum of the cross-correlation functionK (.xi.)=.intg.B (x) B' (x-.xi.) dxThe computer continuously determines the deviation of the target in the x direction and in the y direction from the center of the scene image and emits setting signals, which correspond to the deviation, to the setting drive.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a silicon body with a first anti-reflection layer on its front side. The first anti-reflection layer has elongated window openings which extend parallel to one another. Parallel contact fingers made of metal extend over the first anti-reflection layer at right angles to the window openings. The contact fingers make electrical contact with the silicon body through the window openings. A second anti-reflection layer is deposited on top of the contact fingers and the first anti-reflection layer. The second anti-reflection layer reduces reflection losses at the window openings, in addition to providing further reflection protection where it overlaps the first anti-reflection layer. Highly doped zones can be provided in the silicon body beneath the window openings.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for disposing of fecal matter from a toilet system in a fast moving vehicle during travel of the vehicle. The liquid components of the fecal matter are dehydrated to recover water. The water is disposed of by either discharging the water to the environment of the vehicle or by re-using the water in systems of the vehicle. The remainder of the fecal matter is introduced into a collection vessel of in the vehicle.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to an end-fed rod antenna which is tuned, e.g., to the VHF range and has additional transmitting and/or receiving antennas for the mm-wave range.

Abstract: A mode coupler for monopulse applications in an antenna feed system which is used for obtaining angle deviations in azimuth and elevation, and which has a main wave guide in which a plurality of electromagnetic wave modes can be propagated. The mode coupler also has a plurality of mode-selective in/out coupling ports which are all formed as simple standard wave guides mounted on the main wave guide, and in which only the H.sub.10 mode is propagatable. A separator plate is disposed in the main wave guide to convert the (H.sub.11 +E.sub.11) mode into two phase-opposed wave guide waves and, via a coupling loop, to couple them into a second wave guide mounted laterally on the main wave guide. The front edge of the separator plate forms a reflector for the H.sub.01 mode, and the reflected HO.sub.1 wave is coupled out of the main wave guide by a pair of wave guides mounted symmetrically on the main wave guide and connected via an H-plane junction to a common output wave guide.

Abstract: A damping device for HF signals with an analog-energizable attenuator, for drift-free generation of the analog control signal, in which any damping characteristics and corrections that may be necessary can be taken into account in a simple manner and individually for each damping device using EPROM components.

Abstract: A method for compiling and evaluating local traffic data based on a real time evaluation of Doppler echoes on a digital basis, wherein initially the frequency spectrum of the Doppler echo is formed, then the frequency of the maximum amplitude in this spectrum is identified, and the speed of the vehicle is determined from this frequency. The length of the vehicle can also be determined from the speed of the vehicle and from the Doppler echo signal duration. An apparatus for implementing the method includes a millimeter wavelength radar sensor, a transmission unit, and an evaluation unit operating with digital signal processing.

Abstract: An electronic proximity fuse of the FM radar type having a detonating circuit with two inputs. One input is derived from a signal representing the amount by which the frequency of the received signal differs from the frequency of the transmitted signal at the instant of reception averaged over the frequency-modulation period. The second input is derived from a signal proportional to the amount of the frequency fluctuations of the frequency deviation about the averaged amount.

Abstract: An integrated semiconductor circuit arrangement composed of a substrate with an electrical portion, configured, for example, of an integrated circuit in planar CMOS or bipolar technology, an optical connecting layer disposed thereabove which includes at least one integrated (connecting) light waveguide, and an electro-optical and/or opto-electrical transducer disposed in a recess in the substrate, electrically connected to the integrated circuit and opticallly coupled to the light waveguide.