Abstract: An is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a two-dimensional perovskite having a polaronic emission Stokes' shifted by at least 50 nm to minimise loss due to re-absorption.

Abstract: An interposer (16) and a substrate (10) incorporating the interposer (16) are provided. The interposer (16) includes one or more layers (18) and a cavity (20) defined in the one or more layers (18), the cavity (20) being configured as a waveguide for propagation of electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: A nanostructure transfer method is provided. The method includes providing a first substrate (10) having thereon a plurality of nanostructures (12), the nanostructures (12) extending away from the first substrate (10). A solder material (14) is deposited on distal ends of the nanostructures (12). A second substrate (18) having thereon a first metal layer (20) is provided. The solder material (14) is bonded to the first metal layer (20), thereby attaching the nanostructures (12) to the second substrate (18). The attached nanostructures (12) are then released from the first substrate (10).

Abstract: A method of fabricating an electrical guard structure for providing signal isolation is provided. The method includes providing a substrate having a mounting surface comprising a first area for hosting at least one electronic component. The method further comprises synthesizing a plurality of thread-like structures over the substrate to collectively form one or more electrically conductive projections extending transverse to the mounting surface. The one or more electrically conductive projections include one or more wall-like structures which are elongate parallel to the mounting surface. The electrically conductive projections can be transferred to another surface such as a major surface of a second substrate. There are further provided a support structure and a guard structure having the wall-like electrically conductive projections which are electrically grounded when in use to provide signal isolation.