Abstract: The present invention relates generally to an apparatus for housing a chemical looping process comprising of at least one fluidized-bed combustor reactor, at least one entrained riser, at least one particle separator, optionally at least one particle holding reactor, at least one moving-bed reactor, at least one standpipe, at least one L-valve system for solid flow control and interconnecting sections.

Abstract: A boiler includes a steam drum, an intermediate drum, and a lower drum. Each drum is divided into a clean section and a concentrated section. A channel that is fluidly connected to the clean section also runs down one side of the concentrated section in the intermediate drum and the lower drum. The presence of the channels permits low-quality feedwater tubes and high-quality feedwater tubes to be arranged in parallel rows next to each other.

Abstract: An assembly for cleaning a smelt spout includes a cleaning head, a drive rod connected with the cleaning head, and a pneumatic or other drive connected to selectively extend or retract the drive rod. The drive rod may be connected with the cleaning head by a pivotal connection. The cleaning head may be bifurcated. The cleaning head may include a leading edge configured to engage and clean a spout opening from which smelt from a chemical reduction furnace flows to the spout. The assembly may further include a pivot point and, as the drive selectively extends the drive rod, torque about the pivot point produced by the cleaning head and an extending portion of the drive rod rotates the cleaning head downward to engage a smelt spout.

Abstract: A boiler includes an upper steam drum, an optional intermediate drum, and a lower drum. Each drum is divided by an internal divider into a clean section and a concentrated section. Downcomers connect the upper steam drum to the lower drum, and tubes are connected to convey a heated steam-water mixture from the lower drum into the upper steam drum (through the optional intermediate drum, if provided). An optional superheater has an input terminal connected to receive steam from the clean section of the upper steam drum. An attemperator may be provided to attemperate superheated steam output from an output terminal of the superheater, and the attemperation fluid may optionally be provided from the concentrated side of the upper steam drum.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a system for the removal of particulate emissions from an electric generating unit are provided, comprising: a gas producer; a primary particulate collector unit including: a primary collection hopper field each including at least one primary collection hopper, wherein each primary collection hopper includes a primary collection hopper outlet, each primary collection hopper outlet fluidically connected to a particulate discharge duct; a flue duct inlet oriented upstream of the at least one primary collection hopper field; a flue duct outlet oriented downstream of the primary collection hopper field; wherein the gas producer is fluidically connected to the primary particulate collector unit by a flue duct; and a particulate recirculation duct fluidically connected at a first end to the primary collection hopper and/or the particulate discharge duct, and fluidically connected at a second end to the flue duct upstream of the primary particulate collector unit.

Abstract: The present disclosure relations to wind mitigation devices which include a deflector that having an inlet and an outlet. An axial fan is disposed above the outlet of the deflector and includes a shroud. The shroud of the axial fan and the outlet of the deflector are aligned along a common vertical axis. The deflector is adapted to receive an airflow at the inlet and direct the airflow through the outlet in a vertical direction toward the axial fan.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of emission control equipment for boilers, heaters, kilns, or other flue gas-, or combustion gas-, generating devices (e.g., those located at power plants, processing plants, etc.) and, in particular to a new and useful method and apparatus for reducing and/or eliminating various liquid discharges from one or more emission control equipment devices (e.g., one or more wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) units). In another embodiment, the method and apparatus of the present invention is designed to reduce and/or eliminate the amount of liquid waste that is discharged from a WFGD unit by subjecting the WFGD liquid waste to one or more drying processes, one or more spray dryer (or spray dry) absorber processes, and/or one or more spray dryer (or spray dry) evaporation processes.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of emission control equipment for boilers, heaters, kilns, or other flue gas-, or combustion gas-, generating devices (e.g., those located at power plants, processing plants, etc.) and, in particular to a new and useful method and apparatus directed to one or more of: (i) reducing the levels of NOx from one or more types of combustors, furnaces or boilers; (ii) reducing the levels of NOx from one or more types of biomass combustors, furnaces or boilers; or (iii) reducing the levels of NOx from one or more types of fluidized bed biomass combustors, furnaces or boilers. In one embodiment, the method and apparatus of the present invention permit the use of a less complex and/or expensive system to accomplish selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) and enable one to achieve DeNOx (NOx reduction) under low load or unit turndown operation for biomass combustion in a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) boiler.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of emission control equipment for boilers, heaters, kilns, or other flue gas-, or combustion gas-, generating devices (e.g., those located at power plants, processing plants, etc.) and, in particular to a new and useful method and apparatus for reducing and/or eliminating various liquid discharges from one or more emission control equipment devices (e.g., one or more wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) units). In another embodiment, the method and apparatus of the present invention is designed to reduce and/or eliminate the amount of liquid waste that is discharged from a WFGD unit by subjecting the WFGD liquid waste to one or more drying processes, one or more spray dryer (or spray dry) absorber processes, and/or one or more spray dryer (or spray dry) evaporation processes.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of emission control equipment for boilers, heaters, kilns, or other flue gas-, or combustion gas-, generating devices (e.g., those located at power plants, processing plants, etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of emission control equipment for boilers, heaters, kilns, or other flue gas-, or combustion gas-, generating devices (e.g., those located at power plants, processing plants, etc.) and, in particular to a new and useful method and apparatus for: (i) reducing halogen levels necessary to affect gas-phase mercury control; (ii) reducing or preventing the poisoning and/or contamination of an SCR catalyst; and/or (iii) controlling various emissions. In still another embodiment, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for: (A) simultaneously reducing halogen levels necessary to affect gas-phase mercury control while achieving a reduction in the emission of mercury; and/or (B) reducing the amount of selenium contained in and/or emitted by one or more pieces of emission control equipment for boilers, heaters, kilns, or other flue gas-, or combustion gas-, generating devices (e.g., those located at power plants, processing plants, etc.).

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of emission control equipment for boilers, heaters, kilns, or other flue gas-, or combustion gas-, generating devices (e.g., those located at power plants, processing plants, etc.) and, in particular to a new and useful method and apparatus for capturing, oxidizing, lowering the concentration and/or level of, and/or eliminating mercury present in any flue gas and/or combustion gas stream. In one embodiment, the method and/or apparatus of the present invention is applied to boilers, heaters, kilns, or other flue gas-, or combustion gas-, generating devices that have connected thereto at least one type of flue gas, or combustion gas, scrubber device (i.e., a wet scrubber or a dry scrubber).

Abstract: A boiler is disclosed in which the furnace is divided into a lower furnace and an upper furnace. The lower furnace uses water-cooled membrane walls, while the upper furnace uses steam-cooled membrane walls that act as superheating surfaces. A transition section is present between the lower furnace and the upper furnace. The boiler is a high temperature sub-critical natural circulation boiler which is completely top supported. The lower furnace is supported through the transition section by the upper furnace.

Abstract: Material handling systems for fluids are disclosed herein. The fluid may be a liquid, solution, slurry, or emulsion. The systems receive as inputs the fluid, steam, and water. These feed into a surge tank where additives can be introduced. The steam and water are used to control some physical properties and enable the distribution of the fluid as desired. In particular embodiments, the system is useful for handling materials to be sent to a dual-phase fuel feeder for combustion in a fluidized-bed boiler, the energy being used to generate electricity or in various production processes.

Abstract: A boiler is disclosed in which the furnace is divided into a lower furnace and an upper furnace. The lower furnace uses water-cooled membrane walls, while the upper furnace uses steam-cooled membrane walls that act as superheating surfaces. The upper furnace and the convection pass are also located next to each other, so that they share a common steam-cooled wall. There is no open pass between the furnace and the convection pass.

Abstract: Energy is generated from cellulosic biofuel waste streams, specifically a lignin filter cake and a waste syrup, by combusting these waste products in a fluidized bed combustor under specified conditions. The heat and steam generated can be used to generate electricity and/or in cellulosic biofuel production processes.

Abstract: Transition castings are disclosed which comprise a steam tube and a water tube, which are joined together by membranes. A heat transfer fin extends from the membrane and abuts the water tube. The steam tube bends such that an upper end is on one side of the water tube, and a lower end is on an opposite side of the water tube. The transition castings are used in a transition section of a boiler in which the furnace is divided into a lower furnace and an upper furnace. The lower furnace uses water-cooled membrane walls, while the upper furnace uses steam-cooled membrane walls that act as superheating surfaces. The transition casting joins the lower furnace and the upper furnace together.

Abstract: Transition castings are disclosed which comprise a steam tube, a water tube, and a pass-through tube, which are joined together by membranes. The ends of the tubes on one vertical end are aligned in a plane, while the ends of the tubes on the other vertical end are aligned in alternating planes, or put another way are angled instead of being in a straight line. The transition castings are used in a transition section of a boiler in which the furnace is divided into a lower furnace and an upper furnace. The lower furnace uses water-cooled membrane walls, while the upper furnace uses steam-cooled membrane walls that act as superheating surfaces. The transition section joins the lower furnace and the upper furnace together.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of emission control equipment for boilers, heaters, kilns, or other flue gas-, or combustion gas-, generating devices (e.g., those located at power plants, processing plants, etc.) and, in particular to a new and useful method and apparatus for reducing or preventing the poisoning and/or contamination of an SCR catalyst. In still another embodiment, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for increasing the service life and/or catalytic activity of an SCR catalyst while simultaneously controlling various emissions. In yet another embodiment, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling, mitigating and/or reducing the amount of selenium contained in and/or emitted by one or more pieces of emission control equipment for boilers, heaters, kilns, or other flue gas-, or combustion gas-, generating devices (e.g., those located at power plants, processing plants, etc.).

Abstract: A small supercritical once-through steam generator (OTSG) includes a radiant section with a furnace coil, and a convection section downstream of the radiant section that includes a superheater which is fluidically connected to the furnace coil. Optionally, the OTSG is devoid of a steam separator. An economizer can also be included downstream of the superheater. Supercritical steam can be generated using the OTSG, for use, among other things, in enhanced oil recovery applications.