Abstract: Compositions and methods of modulating an innate immune response with circular RNAs are disclosed. In particular, the disclosure relates to methods for modifying an RNA by circularization and the use of circular RNAs generated with exogenous introns to stimulate an innate immune response or circular RNAs generated with endogenous introns to prevent immune recognition of foreign RNA.

Abstract: Methods for preparing a variety of bryostatin compounds are provided. The subject methods provide for preparation of bryostatin 1 in multi-gram quantities in a low and unprecedented number of convergent synthetic steps from commercially available materials. The subject methods are scalable with low estimated material costs and can provide enough material to meet clinical needs. Also provided are a variety of bryostatin analog compounds, and prodrug forms thereof, which are synthetically accessible via the subject methods and pharmaceutical compositions including the same.

Abstract: Methods, kits, and systems for fixation of RNA permitting its detection in intact tissue, such as, large volume of mammalian tissue are disclosed. The methods, kits, and systems utilize carbodiimide-based chemistry to stably retain RNAs in tissue clarified using CLARITY. Also provided herein are methods, kits, and systems for detection of RNAs in clarified tissue.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for drawing and manipulating curves on polygon mesh surfaces possesses a built in surface constraint that provides a better intuition for the shape and position of a curve than conventional unconstrained three dimensional space curves. The method includes storing the following graphical data structures in a memory: a 2-D polygon mesh embedded in a 3-D ambient space, a 1-D face point curve v embedded in the 2-D polygon mesh, a first-order curve weighting function &agr;, and a second-order curve weighting function &bgr;. The method also comprises computing a displacement dv of the face point curve v to produce a displaced face point curve v′=v+dv, wherein v′ is embedded in the 2-D polygon mesh, and wherein the displacement dv is computed in dependence upon &agr; and &bgr;. A rendered representation of the polygon mesh and the displaced face point curve are then displayed.