Abstract: Disclosed herein are multiple embodiments of a vibration transducer and actuator which combine an upper piece, a lower piece, a permanent magnet, an electromagnet coil, and, in some embodiments, a spring spacer.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for reproducing and applying reproductions of haptic vibrations that occur at a live activity to a remote video and audio viewer. In synchronism with sensing visible and audible stimuli to generate video and audio signals representing the video and audio at the activity, haptic vibrations of an object at the activity are sensed and converted to haptic vibration signals. A haptic vibration signal that is a reproduction of the sensed signal, a simulation of the haptic vibration, or an enhancement of the sensed haptic vibration signal is transmitted to a remote location or recorded. The haptic vibration signal contains information about the timing and characteristic of the sensed haptic vibrations and is recoverable separately from the visible and audible signals.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for reproducing and applying reproductions of haptic vibrations that occur at a live activity to a remote video and audio viewer. In synchronism with sensing visible and audible stimuli to generate video and audio signals representing the video and audio at the activity, haptic vibrations of an object at the activity are sensed and converted to haptic vibration signals. A haptic vibration signal that is a reproduction of the sensed signal, a simulation of the haptic vibration, or an enhancement of the sensed haptic vibration signal is transmitted to a remote location or recorded. The haptic vibration signal contains information about the timing and characteristic of the sensed haptic vibrations and is recoverable separately from the visible and audible signals.

Abstract: A low frequency vibrator has a stator member with a cylindrical, central chamber, a cylindrical, tubular liner of low friction, non-ferromagnetic material positioned in the chamber to form a bearing and a cylindrical, ferromagnetic, reciprocating piston slidably mounted in the liner. The stator has a pair of coils and a permanent magnet is positioned centrally in the reciprocating piston. A ferromagnetic flux conductor surrounds the coils and extends between opposite ends of the chamber. This structure creates a magnetic spring, having a spring constant K. The ratio of K to the mass M of the reciprocating member is made substantially equal to the square of a radian frequency in the operating frequency range of the vibrator.