Abstract: Apparatus is provided to increase the retarding horsepower of a compression release engine retarder driven from the exhaust valve pushtube or the fuel injector pushtube which includes a plenum communicating with the exhaust valve slave piston and the master piston driven by a remote exhaust valve pushtube or the fuel injector pushtube. A trigger check valve is located between the master piston and exhaust valve slave piston so that the initial motion of the master piston delivers energy to the plenum. At a predetermined point in the travel of the master piston, the trigger check valve is opened by the master piston to permit the delivery of the energy stored in the plenum to the slave piston. Additional pumping capability is provided by a second master piston while a control check valve communicating with the second master piston limits the intake of hydraulic fluid into the system after working pressures have been attained to that hydraulic fluid which may leak from the system.

Abstract: A self-actuating keyless chuck for use with a reversible powered driver is disclosed. The chuck comprises a body which carries a rotatable split nut and a plurality of slidable jaws driven by the rotatable nut. A sleeve member is rotatably connected to the body and carries an impact ring provided with a first impact dog. A second impact dog is associated with the split nut. Spring means are provided to bias the first impact dog toward engagement with the second impact dog whereby the jaws will be tightened or loosened whenever the rotation of the sleeve is restrained and the powered driver is actuated.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided to increase the retarding horsepower of a compression release engine retarder driven from the exhaust valve pushtube or the fuel injector pushtube which includes a plenum communicating with the exhaust valve slave piston and the master piston driven by a remote exhaust valve pushtube or the fuel injector pushtube. A trigger check valve is located between the master piston and exhaust valve slave piston so that the initial motion of the master piston delivers energy to the plenum. At a predetermined point in the travel of the master piston, the trigger check valve is opened by the master piston to permit the delivery of the energy stored in the plenum to the slave piston. Additional pumping capability is provided by a second master piston while a control check valve communicating with the second master piston limits the intake of hydraulic fluid into the system after working pressures have been attained to that hydraulic fluid which may leak from the system.

Abstract: The invention is applicable to an internal combustion engine of the four-stroke cycle type equipped with a compression release engine retarder capable of producing one compression release event and one bleeder retarding event in each cylinder during every two revolutions of the engine crankshaft. This is accomplished by a novel articulated rocker arm assembly including a rocker member and a latch member in which the rocker member, engaged by the exhaust pushtube, is disengaged from the latch member, which acts against the crosshead, after a compression release event has occurred, but remains engaged if a compression release event does not occur. When the latch member is disengaged from the rocker member, the exhaust valves are held in a partially open position to produce a bleeder retarding event. A trigger valve acutated by the exhaust pushtube and rocker member vents the reatarder high pressure hydraulic system to initiate the bleeder retarding event.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided to increase the retarding horsepower of a compression release engine retarder driven from the exhaust valve pushtube or the fuel injector pushtube. The mechanism includes a plenum communicating with the exhaust valve slave piston and the master piston driven by a remote exhaust valve pushtube or the fuel injector pushtube. A trigger check valve is located between the master piston and exhaust valve slave piston so that the initial motion of the master piston delivers energy to the plenum. At a predetermined point in the travel of the master piston, the trigger check valve is opened by the master piston to permit the delivery of the energy stored in the plenum to the slave piston. Additional pumping capability is provided by a second master piston while a control check valve communicating with the second master piston limits the intake of hydraulic fluid into the system after working pressures have been attained to that hydraulic fluid which may leak from the system.

Abstract: An improved compression release retarder for internal combustion engines is disclosed. The improvement comprises hydro-mechanical mechanisms incorporated principally into the slave piston and adjustable stop which assures a prompt closing of the engine exhaust valve following a compression release event and provides means to advance the opening of the exhaust valve to begin the compression release event. The mechanism is automatic in that the exhaust valve opening advance mechanism alters the valve train lash to a predetermined level whenever the engine retarder is operated and the exhaust valve closing mechanism acts in response to the decrease in engine cylinder pressure during the compression release event.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the intake manifold air pressure during compression release engine retarding of a turbocharged internal combustion engine are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a solenoid actuated pressure responsive means communicating with the intake manifold and electrically connected to the control circuit for the compression release retarder. In one form of the invention, intake manifold air pressure is controlled so as not to exceed a predetermined maximum pressure during compression release retarding while in another form of the invention the intake manifold air pressure may be adjusted by the operator to any level up to a predetermined maximum level. By controlling the intake manifold air pressure the magnitude of the retarding horsepower developed by the engine and the loads imposed on certain of the engine components may be controlled.

Abstract: A drill chuck having a cylindrical sleeve connected to its bevel gear element and a rearward part of the sleeve being rotatable on a cylindrical portion of the chuck body, the chuck body being formed with a number of localized swellings at the surface of the cylindrical portion to retain the sleeve in position, the swellings having been formed by plastic deformation of the metal of the body part.

Abstract: An hydromechanical overhead is provided for a four-cycle internal combustion engine. The hydromechanical overhead includes a set of master cylinders and pistons adapted to be actuated by each of the engine exhaust and intake pushtubes, a set of slave cylinders and pistons adapted to actuate each exhaust and intake valve, a two-position three-way control valve associated with each slave cylinder, passageways interconnecting the several master and slave cylinders and control valves and electronic control means adapted to move the control valves between a first position wherein the engine operates in a four-cycle powering mode and a second position wherein the engine operates in a two-cycle retarding mode. A solenoid controlled lash adjustment mechanisn is provided for the exhaust and intake valves whereby the normal lash required for the powering mode of engine operation may automatically be increased to the substantially larger lash required for the two-cycle retarding mode of engine operation.

Abstract: A tool holder of the two-jaw type is provided which has the centering accuracy and gripping power of a three-jaw geared chuck. The tool holder includes a body having ways formed by a polygonal passageway which is perpendicular to the central axis of the tool holder body. The jaw mechanism includes a differential screw which mates, on one end, with the body of the tool holder and, on the other end, with a pair of anvil pieces. The face of the differential screw and the anvil pieces move toward and away from the central axis of the tool holder along the ways formed by the polygonal passageway and provide the tool-gripping means.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for the compression release retarding of a multi-cylinder four cycle internal combustion engine are provided. The process provides a compression release event and a bleeder event or a second compression releaser event for each engine cylinder during each complete engine cycle while employing only one intake valve opening per engine cycle. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention the normal motion of the exhaust valve is disabled and replaced with an opening of the exhaust valve at about the top dead center position of the engine piston following the compression stroke; maintaining the exhaust valve in the open position during the expansion stroke; partially closing the exhaust valve during the exhaust stroke; and fully closing the exhaust valve during the intake stroke.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for the compression release retarding of a multi-cylinder four cycle internal combustion engine are provided. The process provides a compression release event for each cylinder during each revolution of the engine crankshaft. In accordance with the process, the normal motion of the exhaust and intake valves is inhibited and the exhaust valves are opened briefly at each time the engine piston approaches the top dead center position. The intake valves are opened after each opening of the exhaust valves. The apparatus includes hydraulic means driven by the engine pushtubes which produce a timed hydraulic pulse adapted to open the exhaust and intake valves at the proper time. Hydraulically actuated means are provided to disable the valve crosshead or rocker arm so as to inhibit the normal motion of the valves. Alternatively, timed signals from an electronic controller actuate solenoid valves to control a hydraulic pulse which opens the valves.

Abstract: A compression release engine retarder for a multicylinder four-stroke cycle engine is disclosed. The retarder incorporates an hydraulic pulse generator including a multichamber positive displacement pump of the piston and cylinder or gear pump type which is positively driven at engine speed or at half engine speed in synchronism with the engine crank shaft. Means are provided to adjust the timing of the hydraulic pulses so as to control precisely the opening of the engine exhaust valves and to maximize the compression release retarding power developed by the engine. Additional means are provided to control the timing of the hydraulic pulses in response to the boost pressure in the engine inlet manifold produced by the engine turbocharger.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided for temporarily converting a turbocharged engine into a compressor that can provide compressed air for various uses, such as for pneumatic unloading of cargo. In a preferred embodiment a compression release engine brake is used to load the engine. That increases the turbocharger speed, thereby increasing the pressure and flow of air to the inlet manifold of the engine. Surplus boost air may then be withdrawn from the manifold.

Abstract: An hydraulic reset mechanism is provided for an engine retarder of the compression relief type. The mechanism senses the force required to hold open an exhaust valve. When this force has decreased substantially from the force required to open the exhaust valve initially, a valve is opened in the hydraulic system to release the hydraulic pressure and permit the exhaust valve to close. The mechanism assures that the engine exhaust valves are closed, or substantially closed, prior to the normal opening of the exhaust valves at the end of the power stroke of the engine without affecting the retarding horsepower produced by the engine brake.

Abstract: Hydro-mechanical brake timing means are provided to control the timing of an engine braking system of the gas compression type for an internal combustion engine wherein the engine braking system includes a hydro-mechanical mechanism which opens the exhaust valve near the top of the compression stroke of the engine so that the energy absorbed by the engine during the compression stroke is not returned to the engine during the expansion stroke. In accordance with the present invention, hydro-mechanical means are provided in the exhaust valve actuating mechanism whereby the clearance in that mechanism is reduced to a value which maximizes the retarding power developed by the engine whenever the engine brake is activated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing improved engine braking and improved engine operation following a braking operation is disclosed. The invention relates to a turbocharged internal combustion engine fitted with a compression relief type of engine brake wherein the turbocharger comprises a double entry turbine. In addition, a diverter valve is provided which is adapted to divert all the flow of exhaust gases into one portion of the turbine. The combination of the present invention increases the retarding horsepower developed by the engine by increasing the mass flow of the air through the engine and increasing the exhaust manifold temperature and pressure. Improved performance following braking results from the higher turbocharger speeds and increased engine temperature produced in the engine during the braking operation.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided to increase the retarding horsepower of a compression release engine retarder driven from the exhaust valve pushtube or the fuel injector pushtube. The mechanism includes a plenum communicating with the exhaust valve slave piston and the master piston driven by a remote exhaust valve pushtube or the fuel injector pushtube. A trigger check valve is located between the master piston and exhaust valve slave piston so that the initial motion of the master piston delivers energy to the plenum. At a predetermined point in the travel of the master piston, the trigger check valve is opened by the master piston to permit the delivery of the energy stored in the plenum to the slave piston. Additional pumping capability is provided by a second master piston while a control check valve communicating with the second master piston limits the intake of hydraulic fluid into the system after working pressures have been attained to that hydraulic fluid which may leak from the system.