Abstract: Crude phenol containing methyl benzofuran and other impurities is distilled in the presence of water to recover a phenol bottoms having a reduced quantity of impurities. The water-phenol overhead is cooled to separate a water phase essentially free of methyl benzofuran, which is recycled to the distillation. The organic phase may then be further distilled, in the presence of water, as previously described, to eventually recover a reduced quantity of phenol in which impurities are concentrated.

Abstract: Crude phenol, containing AMS by-product, and MBF impurity, is distilled in the presence of water to separate MBF impurity.

Abstract: Hydrogen chloride is recovered from a mixture with propylene by extractive distillation with an inert extraction solvent to minimize reaction between hydrogen chloride and propylene during such distillation. The temperature and pressure conditions are coordinated with the extraction solvent and amount thereof to prevent the presence of hydrogen chloride in a liquid state. The process is particularly suitable for recovering hydrogen chloride in the production of allyl chloride by thermal chlorination of propylene.

Abstract: In a two-stage liquefaction, hydrogenated 850.degree. F.+ residuum from the second stage is used in formulating the first stage liquefaction solvent.

Abstract: A support structure for a distribution grid to be mounted in a reaction vessel wherein the reaction vessel is formed with an inwardly-extending annular shoulder portion to which is mounted, such as by welding, a ring-member whereby the distribution grid is mounted on such support structure.

Abstract: Phenol containing MBF impurity is distilled in the presence of water and an extraction solvent for MBF (preferably AMS and/or cumene) to recover a phenol bottoms having reduced impurities. The use of solvent permits a reduction in the amount of water used, which reduces the amount of phenol in the overhead, thereby lowering costs.

Abstract: In a two-stage liquefaction wherein coal, hydrogen and liquefaction solvent are contacted in a first thermal liquefaction zone, followed by recovery of an essentially ash free liquid and a pumpable stream of insoluble material, which includes 850.degree. F.+ liquid, with the essentially ash free liquid then being further upgraded in a second liquefaction zone, the liquefaction solvent for the first stage includes the pumpable stream of insoluble material from the first liquefaction stage, and 850.degree. F.+ liquid from the second liquefaction stage.

Abstract: A mixed oxide catalyst precursor comprising vanadium and phosphorus treated in finely divided form with phosphoric acid and water soluble compound of aluminum and/or boron to improve resistance to attrition.

Abstract: Mixed oxide catalyst of vanadium and phosphorus prepared by a procedure including pretreating the dried catalyst precursor of the said mixed oxides in finely divided form with an acid solution.

Abstract: In the production of high purity phenol, a water-phenol mixture recovered from the top of a distillation column is contacted with a water immiscible solvent to extract methyl benzofuran and other by-products and impurities in phenol production therefrom, with the extraction being accomplished at a temperature at which the water-phenol mixture is present as a single phase liquid. The remaining mixture of phenol and water is recycled to the distillation.

Abstract: Hydrolysis of nitrile to amide by use of a quaternary ammonium hydroxide at 60.degree. to 95.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for treating purge gas including carbon dioxide, water vapor, organics and ammonia. In accordance with the invention, the purge gas is scrubbed with water to absorb ammonia and water is added to the scrubbed purge gas in an amount in excess of the amount required to dissolve the maximum amount of ammonium carbonate which can be formed from any ammonia and carbon dioxide present in the purge gas. The purge gas is subsequently cooled to condense the remaining organics and water and to provide a purge gas suitable for venting.

Abstract: Production of halohydrins; in particular, chlorohydrins by reaction of tertiary alkyl hypohalite and olefinically unsaturated compound in the presence of water and a water soluble salt of an amphoteric metal; in particular, a salt of tin, aluminum, zinc, zirconium, magnesium, or titanium, which provides a pH of from 2 to 5 under reaction conditions.

Abstract: Chlorine and tertiary alkanol dissolved in an inert organic solvent are reacted with aqueous alkali to produce tertiary alkyl hypochlorite which is recovered in the organic solvent and reacted with water and olefinically unsaturated compound to produce chlorohydrin and tertiary alkanol. Chlorohydrin and tertiary alkanol recovered in the organic solvent are contacted with aqueous alkali to produce the epoxy compound, and tertiary alkanol recovered in the organic solvent is recycled to hypochlorite production. The process may be integrated with the electrolytic production of chlorine, with an appropriate treatment of the recycle aqueous stream when required.

Abstract: Production of halohydrins; in particular, chlorohydrins by reaction of tertiary alkyl hypohalite and olefinically unsaturated compound in the presence of water and a metal selected from Group II-A, II-B, III-A, III-B, IV-A, IV-B, or V-A of the Periodic Table. The use of such metals improves the production of halohydrin.

Abstract: In a fluidized bed system, including a fluidized bed vessel and a separate stripping vessel below the fluidized bed wherein solids from the fluidized bed are introduced into the stripping vessel, there is provided a vent line from the top of the stripping vessel to the fluidized bed for venting gas from the stripper to the fuidized bed. A portion of the solids introduced into the stripper are carried into the vent line to maintain the static head between the top portion of the fluidized bed and the stripping vessel.

Abstract: An air cooled dry cooling tower (10) has two sets of heat exchange assemblies (14,15) whose radiator surface (16) (e.g. tubular bundles) is substantially horizontally disposed, generally in the form of two frustra of cones whose axes are on or near the vertical tower center-line, the frustra being placed one on top of the other, in opposite directions, such that a section through the radiator surfaces is V-shaped. The angle of the tubular bundles can be varied to minimize the angle of incidence of the prevailing wind conditions and to avoid excessive fouling of the finned surface of the tubes in the bundles.

Abstract: Chlorine and tertiary alkanol dissolved in an inert organic solvent are reacted with calcium oxide in aqueous calcium chloride to produce tertiary alkyl hypochlorite which is recovered in the organic solvent and reacted with water and olefinically unsaturated compound to produce chlorohydrin and tertiary alkanol. Chlorohydrin and tertiary alkanol recovered in the organic solvent are contacted with calcium oxide in aqueous calcium chloride to produce the epoxy compound, and tertiary alkanol recovered in the organic solvent is recycled to hypochlorite production. Calcium chloride produced as by-product in the hypochlorite production and saponification is recovered as an aqueous solution having a calcium chloride concentration of at least 25 wt. % to provide calcium chloride in a usable form.

Abstract: Arsenic is removed from a hydrocarbon containing arsenic as an impurity; e.g., shale oil, by contact with hydrogen in the presence of a contact material, such as coke, to deposit the arsenic on the contact material. The arsenic deposited on the contact material is subsequently reacted with an iron compound to produce an iron-arsenic compound suitable for disposal.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrotreating of heavy feedstocks comprised of nickel and molybdenum, supported on alumina having a defined pore size distribution which has been calcined at a temperature of from 1150.degree. F. -1300.degree. F. Calcining of such catalyst at such temperatures is required in order to provide for effective use thereof as a hydrotreating catalyst for higher boiling feedstocks.