Abstract: A method of summarizing a text by the following steps. Identifying the textual units in the text. Selecting a first set of textual units and identifying its textual units. Selecting a second set of textual units and identifying its textual units. Determining how many textual units are shared between the first and second sets of textual units. Selecting a third set of textual units between the first and second set of textual units and identifying its unique textual units. Determining the frequency of occurrence of the textual unit in the third set of textual units. Determining the frequency of occurrence of the textual unit in the text. Determining the proximity of the results of the last two steps. Calculating a score for the first set of textual units. Assigning the highest score to the first set of textual units. Selecting a numbers of first sets of textual units, according to score, as the summary of the text.

Abstract: A method of identifying user, generating digital signature, and verifying digital signature by selecting a modulus p in the form of p=(2dk?2ck?1)/r, p=(2dk?2(d?1)k+2(d?2)k? . . . ?2k+1)/r, p=(2dk?2ck?1)/r, p=(2dk?2ck+1)/r, and p=(24k?23k+22k+1)/r, selecting an elliptic curve E and an order q; selecting a basepoint G; generating a private key w; generating a public key W=wG; distributing p, E, q, G, and W to at least a prover, a verifier, and a signer; generating the prover's private key wp and public key Wp=wpG; retrieving the prover's public key Wp; generating a private integer kp; combining kp and G to form K using p; sending K to the verifier; sending a challenge integer c to the prover; combining c, kp, and wp to form a response integer v; sending v to the verifier; combining cG, K, and Wp using p and checking to see if the combination is equal to vG. If not so, stop.

Abstract: The present invention is a device for and method of generating a hash value for a message by padding the message, loading the padded message into a first shift register that generates values according to a first rule of motion, initializing eight registers a, b, c, d, e, f, g, and h with user-definable values; converting the contents of the registers to hj=gj−1; gj=fj−1; fj=ej−1; ej=dj−1+T1, where T1=hj−1+&Sgr;1(ej−1)+Ch(ej−1, fj−1, gj−1)+Kj+Wj,; dj=cj−1; cj=bj−1; bj=aj−1; and aj=T1+T2, where T2=&Sgr;0(aj−1)+Maj(aj−1, bj−1, cj−1); computing H1(j)=a+H1(j−1); H2(j)=b+H2(j−1); H3(j)=c+H3(j−1); H4(j)=d+H4(j−1); H5(j)=e+H5(j−1); H6(j)=f+H6(j−1); H7(j)=g+H7(j−1); and H8(j)=h+H8(j&mi

Abstract: A security paper shredder where the residue of individual shredded document pages are collected in multiple collection bins for disposal, ensuring that no single collection bin contains the residue of any entire page. To further ensure that no adversary could obtain the contents of all the multiple collection bins and reassemble the document, the contents of the collection bins are disposed of at differing times and in geographically dispersed locations.

Abstract: A method of testing a randomizer having at least one source of probabilistic data and a device for mixing the probabilistic data to form random data, where the probabilistic data includes at least two states, by receiving a probability of occurrence of each of the at least two states in the probabilistic data; squaring each probability of occurrence; generating a row vector a of the results of the last step; receiving a probability of transition between each of the at least two states in the probabilistic data; squaring the transition probabilities; generating a matrix B of the results of the last step; generating a column vector c having entries equal in number to the at least two states in the probabilistic data, where each entry is 1; computing S(P)=a(B{circumflex over ( )}(L−1))c for each at least one source of probabilistic data, where L is a number of outputs of probabilistic data processed by the randomizer to produce m bits of output; if the at least one source of probabilistic data is gr

Abstract: The present invention is a sample-stage for a scanning electron microscope. The sample-stage has a base and a horizontal support member, where there is an aperture in the horizontal support member. A vertical support member abuts the base on one end and the horizontal support member on the other end so that the vertical support member is under, and at an angle to, the aperture in the horizontal support member. A collimator, having an aperture in alignment with the aperture in the horizontal support member, abuts the top of the horizontal support member. A first reflector abuts the surface of the vertical support member under the aperture in the horizontal support. A second reflector abuts a portion of the top surface of the base that is not covered by the vertical support member.

Abstract: Method to measure gain of a photonic inverter based on a semiconductor laser using two different modes of operation. In one mode, the device is operated as a photonic inverter device and in the other mode as a photogenerated current measurement device. While the device is operated in a photonic inverter mode, that is, pumped at a magnitude that supports photonic inverter operation, the optical output power is measured in the absence of an input signal and with an input signal that quenches the output of the photonic inverter. While the device is operated as a photogenerated current measurement device with an input optical signal, a reverse bias is applied to offset any forward bias induced by the injected input optical signal, the induced photocurrent is measured, and the wavelength of the input optical signal is measured.

Abstract: A method of passing a cryptographic key that allows recovery of the key by a third party by generating a first random number by a first user; generating “key1” by the first user; generating a second random number “k2a” by the first user; computing “y1” by the first user; computing “y2” by the first user; computing “r1” by the first user; computing “z” by the first user; computing “s” by the first user; computing “G” by the first user; passing (G,z,r1,s) from the first user to the second user; receiving “Y” by the second user; computing “T” by the second user; computing “y1” by the second user; computing “k1a” by the second user; computing “key1” by the second user; intercepting, by a third party, (G,z,r1,s) transmitted from the first user to the second user; presenting “G” and “z,” by the third party, to a key-escrow agent; computin

Abstract: The present invention is a cryptographic method that uses at least one component of a modified fractional Fourier transform kernel a user-definable number of times. For encryption, a signal is received; at least one encryption key is established, where each encryption key includes at least four user-definable variables that represent an angle of rotation, a time exponent, a phase, and a sampling rate; at least one component of a modified fractional Fourier transform kernel is selected, where each component is defined by one of the encryption keys; and the signal is multiplied by the at least one component of a modified fractional Fourier transform kernel selected.

Abstract: A method for extracting text from images whereby the intensity of each color plane of the image is identified, the color plane with the highest intensity is converted into a black and white image, and character recognition is performed on the black and white image to determine the text of the image. The method can be used for textual word searches for Graphics Image Format (GIF) images as well as Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) images, thereby providing the capability to perform text searches for images found on web pages of the World Wide Web.

Abstract: All-optical timing extraction and optical clock recovery for high-speed return-to-zero binary optical data streams using the timing difference between clock and data counter-propagating optical pulses in a non-linear optical waveguide where the first pulse to arrive at the non-linear optical waveguide partially saturates the transmission properties of the waveguide resulting in a change of the transmission properties seen by the lagging pulse. A balanced photo-detector makes delay-dependent comparisons of the clock and data pulses' peak power and generates an error signal used in a phase-locked loop configuration to synchronize the clock to the data stream.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of enhancing the readability of FrameMaker® for a visually-impaired user by determining whether or not a file named “.maker.large” exists in the user's $HOME directory. If “.maker.large” exists in the user's $HOME directory then setting an environmental variable $EZRIDER to a pathname $FMHOME/fdk/NSAapps.large of a directory containing enlarged EASYRIDER API client files. If “.maker.large” is not in the user's $HOME directory then setting the environmental variable $EZRIDER to the pathname $FMHOME/fdk/NSAapps of a directory containing unenlarged EASYRIDER client files. If the second step was performed then setting X Window Large Display Resources to RESOURCE_MANAGER property of a root window of screen 0 and determining whether or not an X resource “maker.api.preferences.autoApply” is set to true in $HOME/.Xdefaults. If “maker.api.preferences.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of printing in an accountable manner with error detection, by receiving a document in a human-readable printer command language; generating a table of contents that lists each data file in the document and the pages on which they would appear; selecting a data file to print; determining on which pages the selected data file would appear; converting the data records and the control records to machine-readable format; checking each converted sequence number and check-sum number the same as received and reporting any discrepancy and stopping if an error occurred; sending the converted data files to the printer if no discrepancy exists; comparing the number of pages sent to the printer to the number of pages printed, reporting any discrepancy, and stopping if any discrepancy exists; comparing the sequence number and sum-check number for each data record and each control record sent to the printer to the same as received, reporting any discrepancy, and stopping if any discrepancy

Abstract: Device whereby one or more bands of optical wavelengths may be selected for further transmission. All light within the optical bandwidth of operation is first coupled from the core mode of an optical fiber to a specific cladding mode by a chirped broadband cladding mode coupler. These cladding mode lightwaves then enter a narrow-band core mode coupler whereby selected optical bands of wavelengths, tuned by the tension on the optical fiber, are re-coupled back into the core of the optical fiber. The chirped broadband cladding mode coupler is isolated from the narrow-band core mode coupler by an acoustic absorber to limit the acoustic interaction between them.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of simulating the effects of a plurality of channels on a signal that includes the steps of acquiring a state transition matrix for each of said plurality of channels; acquiring an error matrix for each of said plurality of channels; selecting the first channel to be simulated; assuming that the signal is in a particular state; receiving the signal; generating a first number; determining the state to which the signal transitions; transitioning the signal to the state determined in the last step; generating a second number; determining what errors, if any, to inject into the signal by comparing the second number to entries in the column of the error matrix of the corresponding channel that matches the state of the signal; if one of the errors determined in the last step is lost signal then discarding the signal, not injecting any other error into the signal, selecting another channel if the user desires, assuming that the next signal selected is in the same state to which the

Abstract: A method of selectively oxidizing III-V semiconductor material is provided. There is provided a III-V semiconductor system comprising a short-period super lattice (SSL) of N periods of alternating layers of an aluminum-bearing III-V compound semiconductor material and a second III-V semiconductor material where N≧2, at least one phosphorous-rich III-V semiconductor layer, and at least one substantially phosphorous-free III-V semiconductor layer between each of the at least one phosphorous-rich layers and the SSL. The III-V semiconductor system is exposed to oxidizing atmosphere to selectively oxidize at least a portion of the SSL.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of identifying all minimum-cost cutsets in a network to isolate two nodes S and T, by receiving a network that includes nodes and links; replacing each bidirectional link with two unidirectional links; assigning a cost to each node and link; choosing nodes S and T; removing any extraneous nodes and links that are not along a path from S to T; adding a node next to each original node; moving the links directed out of the original node to its added node; adding a link directed out of the original node and into its added node; assigning a cost to each added link that is equal to the cost of the corresponding original node; finding the paths from S to T that maximize the amount of flow from S to T, where flow capacity is equal to cost; generating a residual graph; finding each set of nodes in the residual graph that includes S, does not include T, and does not include a link directed from a node within the set to a node outside of the set; finding, for each closure, any links con

Abstract: The present invention is an method of estimating the frequency of a signal by first receiving a signal, forming a row vector, segmenting the row vector; converting the row vector to a first matrix, multiplying the first matrix by a weight, performing a Fourier transform on the result of the last step. These same steps are repeated on a delayed version of the signal. The next steps are calculating a complex conjugate for each result of the last step, forming a cross-spectrum matrix, selecting a magnitude in the cross-spectrum matrix that is above a threshold; and setting an angular frequency of the signal to either the phase of the selected magnitude, the phase of the mean of the complex numbers in the row in which appears the selected magnitude, or the selected magnitude. The frequency of the signal is then set to the estimated angular frequency divided by the product of 2&pgr; and the signal delay period. Additional rows are processed if need be.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of determining codeword boundary without marker bits by receiving transmission bits; determining a dual code of a code used to generate the transmission bits; selecting a vector from the dual code; initializing n scoring variables; initializing i=1; initializing z=1; selecting n bits from the transmission bits starting at bit position i; performing a bit-wise AND operation on the vector and the n selected bits; if the result of the bit-wise AND operation contains an even number of ones then assigning a value of zero to the result, otherwise assigning a value of one to the result; setting Sz equal to Sz plus the result of the last step; if z is less than n, incrementing z and i each by 1 and returning to the seventh step, otherwise proceeding to the next step; if z=n, i<L, and it is desired to process additional transmission bits then incrementing i by 1, and returning to the sixth step, otherwise proceeding to the next step; identifying the scoring var

Abstract: The acousto-optic bandpass filter is a device whereby one or more bands of optical wavelengths may be selected for further transmission. In this device, all light within the optical bandwidth of operation is first coupled from the core mode of a optical fiber to a specific cladding mode by a long-period photo-induced grating. These cladding mode lightwaves then enter an acousto-optic interaction region where selected RF frequencies of flexure waves, induced by an acoustic wave amplifier, re-couple selected bands of wavelengths back into the core mode. The interaction region is isolated from the broadband coupler by an acoustic absorber to limit acoustic interaction to the interaction region.