Abstract: Cloned, i.e. defined, defective interfering (DI) influenza A virus is produced in embryonated hens eggs using a method which generates large quantities of DI virus material. Co-administration of cloned DI influenza A virus with a lethal dose of virulent influenza A virus conferred protection in mice compared to a control of inactivated cloned DI influenza A virus. Control mice which received only cloned DI influenza A virus and no lethal challenge of virulent influenza A virus were not protected three weeks later on lethal challenge with infective virus. Cloned DI influenza A virus of one subtype is found to act in vivo as an effective antiviral against the same or any other sub-type of influenza A virus. The antiviral effect has been found to have both a therapeutic and a prophylactic application against influenza A infection in humans, mammals and birds.

Abstract: Cloned, i.e. defined, defective interfering (DI) influenza A virus is produced in embryonated hens eggs using a method which generates large quantities of DI virus material. Cloned DI virus is then used in tests on mice and ferrets given a lethal challenge of wild-type influenza A virus. When cloned DI influenza A virus is co-administered with a lethal dose of virulent influenza A virus, mice are protected compared to a control of inactivated cloned DI influenza A virus. Mice which survived the administration of cloned DI influenza A virus and infective challenge virus are three weeks later still protected against lethal challenge with infective virus. Control mice which received only cloned DI influenza A virus and no lethal challenge are not protected three weeks later on lethal challenge with infective virus.

Abstract: The invention relates to a biosensor comprising an electrically conductive substrate, with a first layer comprising Ruthenium Purple formed on the substrate, a second layer comprising polyaniline or a derivative thereof comprising one or more non-polar substituents formed on the first layer, and a third layer comprising one or more enzymes trapped within a matrix formed on the second layer. The biosensor is for use in the detection of analytes such as purines and derivatives thereof, particularly in the detection of hypoxanthine.

Abstract: Sensor device for ion channel recordings; liquid-liquid measurements and resistive pulse particle counting comprising; at least one sensor element; the element comprising a diamond thin film substrate and a pore which is a nanopore or a micropore included in the substrate. This device may be used in analysis, for instance the device may be used for single molecule detection of an apialyte (e.g. DNA), for the analysis of interactions between a sensor element and an analyte, for the detection of pore forming entities, or for the determination of ion transfer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel iridium and/or rhodium containing complexes for use as a cytotoxic, such as an anti-cancer agent. There is also provided a method of preparing said compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of certain osmium containing complexes such as cytotoxic agents particularly for the treatment of cancer. There is also provided novel osmium containing complexes, as well as pharmaceutical formulations comprising such complexes.

Abstract: This invention relates to the field of heat-driven cooling devices, heat pumps or thermal transformers, in particular to those devices, known as sorption devices, which employ an ad- or absorbent material as a chemical compressor to raise the pressure of a refrigerant gas. This invention is particularly concerned with a heat exchanger suitable for use as a generator in a sorption device.

Abstract: A photosensitive optoelectronic device (1) comprises a plurality of organic semiconductor sub-cells (10, 11, 12, 13) arranged in a stack between electrodes (3, 5), each sub-cell comprising donor material (14, 16, 23, 25) and acceptor material (15, 17, 24, 26) providing a heterojunction. There is a recombination layer (19, 22, 28) between adjacent sub-cells. The sub-cells are arranged in two groups (20, 29). The sub-cells (10, 11; 12, 13) within a group (20; 29) are responsive over substantially the same part of the light spectrum. The groups (20, 29) differ substantially from each other in respect of the parts of the light spectrum over which their respective sub-cells are responsive.

Abstract: The invention relates to histology analyses, and in particular, to the assessment of pathological tissues to aid in the diagnosis of disease characterised by specific pathologies, for example cancer. The invention provides methods and apparatuses for analysing tissue samples, as well as computer-readable media programmed with software for carrying out these diagnostic methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to Stambomycin compounds, their derivatives and their pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The application discloses a method of making an antibody molecule, the antibody containing an immunoglobulin heavy chain comprising a ?3 domain or a mu domain, the method comprising: (a) Providing a nucleotide sequence encoding the immunoglobulin heavy chain; (b) Modifying the nucleotide sequence in the region of the nucleotide sequence encoding the C-terminus 18 amino acids of the completed heavy chain to remove, or reduce the effectiveness of, one or more vacuolar targeting signal sequences to form a modified nucleotide sequence; (c) Inserting the modified nucleotide sequence into a host cell; and (d) Causing the host cell to express the modified nucleotide sequence to form the modified antibody heavy chain and secrete the modified antibody heavy chain from the host cell. This improves the secretion of the antibody from, for example, plant cells. Methods of adding J-chain binding activity to antibodies are also provided. The modified antibodies and their use is also disclosed.

Abstract: A gas-sensing semiconductor device 1? is fabricated on a silicon substrate 2? having a thin silicon dioxide insulating layer 3? in which a resistive heater 6 made of doped single crystal silicon formed simultaneously with source and drain regions of CMOS circuitry is embedded. The device 1? includes a sensing area provided with a gas-sensitive layer 9? separated from the heater 6? by an insulating layer 4?. As one of the final fabrication steps, the substrate 2? is back-etched so as to form a thin membrane in the sensing area. The heater 6? has a generally circular-shaped structure surrounding a heat spreading plate 16?, and consists of two sets 20?, 21? of meandering resistors having arcuate portions nested within one another and interconnected in labyrinthine form.

Abstract: The present invention relates to osmium compounds of formula (I), their preparation and use in methods of treatment, particularly for cancer treatment.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of identifying a peptide or protein capable of binding a ligand which comprises: (i) providing a support, the support comprising a photoreactive group; (ii) reacting the photoreactive group with a ligand to attach the ligand to the support and produce a supported ligand; (iii) providing an expression library comprising a plurality of members, each member expressing a different peptide or protein; (iv) screening the expression library to identify one or more peptides or proteins which bind to the ligand; (v) isolating the member or each member of the library which expresses a peptide or protein which binds to the ligand; and (vi) identifying the peptide or protein which binds to the ligand. Supported photo-reactive compounds are disclosed comprising a photo-reactive group attached to a support via a spacer and a dendritic group, the dendritic group comprising attached thereto, optionally via a spacer, at least one further photo-reactive group and/or a second functional group.

Abstract: This invention relates to the field of heat-driven cooling devices, heat pumps or thermal transformers, in particular to those devices, known as sorption devices, which employ an ad- or absorbent material as a chemical compressor to raise the pressure of a refrigerant gas. This invention is particularly concerned with a heat exchanger suitable for use as a generator in a sorption device.

Abstract: A method in a computer of building a visual representation model for presenting plural forms of data from a data source to a user, comprising the steps of creating a first file of data (model file) representative of one or more physical attributes of one or more elements associated with one of a plurality of nodes in the visual representation, creating a second file of data (configuration file) representative of visual attributes of the one or more elements for each of the plurality of nodes in the visual representation and associating a variation in the visual appearance of the nodes in correlation with variation in the data from the data source which is associated with the nodes.

Abstract: Apparatus for inspecting an article comprising: a controller configured to generate a drive signal having a periodic amplitude variation; a source, the source being operable by the controller to emit a source beam thereby to irradiate an article, the source beam comprising a beam of electromagnetic radiation having a periodic amplitude variation corresponding to that of the drive signal; and a detector, the detector being configured to detect a portion of the source beam that has been transmitted through at least a portion of the article, and to generate a detector signal having an amplitude variation corresponding to the amplitude variation of said portion of the source beam, the controller being further configured to generate a difference value corresponding to a difference between the amplitude of the detector signal and the amplitude of a reference signal.

Abstract: A thermal compressive device provides energy-efficient heating or cooling by exploiting heat regeneration in a sorption system. The device comprises an array of generator modules (7) arranged in two banks (10, 11) to either side of a heating zone (13). Heat carrier fluid is driven past the modules in a reversible direction. During one phase, generators in the first bank (10) are cooled and therefore in various stages of sorbate re-adsorption. Sorbate in associated evaporator region(s) (26) will boil, enabling cooling of surrounding fluid (33). Generators (7) in the other bank (11) will be in various stages of desorption. Sorbate in associated condenser region(s) (21) will condense, enabling heating of its environment. During the other phase, each generator (7) switches function, but cooling remains at evaporator regions (26) and heating at condenser regions (21). Each module may be a self-contained unit comprising generator (7), condenser (21) and evaporator (26) sections.

Abstract: The use of dewatered small particle tailings material derived from the industrial washing of coal, metal ores, rocks and extracted minerals as a component of casing material for the cultivation of mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus and other Agaricus spp.) is described.

Abstract: Cloned, i.e. defined, defective interfering (DI) influenza A virus is produced in embryonated hens eggs using a method which generates large quantities of DI virus material. Cloned DI virus is then used in tests on mice and ferrets given a lethal challenge of wild-type influenza A virus. When cloned DI influenza A virus is co-administered with a lethal dose of virulent influenza A virus, mice are protected compared to a control of inactivated cloned DI influenza A virus. Mice which survived the administration of cloned DI influenza A virus and infective challenge virus are three weeks later still protected against lethal challenge with infective virus. Control mice which received only cloned DI influenza A virus and no lethal challenge are not protected three weeks later on lethal challenge with infective virus.