Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for reading from and/or writing to optical recording media which has a data slicer for generating a digital output signal from an analogue input signal, a comparison signal generating unit for providing a comparison signal to the data slicer, and a clock generator for generating a clock signal which is matched to the input signal and/or to the output signal. The device optimizes the function of the data slicer independently of the maximum run length in the analogue input signal. The device has a phase comparison device for comparing the digital output signal with the clock signal, which device is connected to an input of the comparison signal generating unit.

Abstract: The switched-mode power supply comprises a secondary winding and four diodes for producing two rectified voltages of the same polarity, one of which can be regulated. A connection of the unregulated voltage has connected to it a variable Zener diode as an error amplifier for transmitting a regulating signal to the primary side. The driver stage provides a pulse-width-modulated square-wave signal for driving the switching transistor which is arranged at a high potential between the operating voltage on the input side and a first connection of the primary winding. The second connection of the primary winding is connected with a Zener diode and provides a stabilized voltage for the driver stage. Arranged between the driver stage and the control electrode of the switching transistor there is a differentiating element which produces positive and negative switching voltages for controlling the switching transistor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tracking device in which a position of a coil driven actuator is determined using a sensor coil. A reference signal 12 having a determined voltage and frequency is fed to a driven coil. A position of the coil driven actuator is proportional to a distance between the driving coil and the sensor coil. The sensor coil produces an alternating voltage induced by an alternating magnetic field emitted by the driving coil. The alternating voltage is used to determine the position of the actuator.

Abstract: In a further development of the CD, the so-called DVD, a data format was chosen which is upwards compatible with the CD. As a result, existing audio CDs can also be played on a DVD player. If complete error correction is not possible during the reproduction of a CD by an audio CD player, then simple measures for error concealment are additionally taken, but they are not always adequate. However, for cost reasons more complicated methods are not used in an audio CD player, since they would require a more powerful processor and a larger memory. However, a DVD player has this more complex hardware in any event, in order to enable the outstanding video quality that is intended.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for reading from and/or writing to optical recording media, which has a scanner whose output is connected to the input of an analogue-to-digital converter, whose output is in turn connected to the input of a mirror signal detector. The device is able to generate a reliable mirror signal even at relatively high track crossing frequencies. The mirror signal detector has at least one element which is variable as a function of frequency.

Abstract: The storage coil has a core and windings which are arranged as conductor tracks on base layers. The base layers each contain only one winding, whose start and end are each passed out on one or more projections on the outer edge of the base layer. In consequence, the projections project out of an opening in a core, for example an E/I core, on which projections the windings of the base layers make contact with one another and with connections. With suitable dimensioning, losses resulting from the skin effect and eddy current losses can be kept very low.

Abstract: Transformer comprises a core (K1, K2), a primary winding (W1) and at least one secondary winding (W2), which are arranged as conductors on one or more layers of a flat carrier, and a coil former with a chamber system having chambers (C1, C2), which accommodate the layers with the windings (W1, W2). At least one of the chambers (C1, C2) is closed at least in regions, with the result that long distances for creepage paths are obtained. As a result of this, it is possible to adhere to existing safety regulations for the mains power supply isolation even with very compact dimensions and/or with full utilization of the width available for the conductor tracks. The chamber system can be formed from two or three plastic parts (P1, P2, P3) by mating. The layers with the conductor tracks are routed laterally out of the chamber system in order to make contact with terminals.

Abstract: An electronic memory apparatus for a device containing a recording medium for storing information. The device cooperates with a recording or reproducing instrument when said device is disposed therein, and is controllable by a data processing and control circuit. The memory apparatus has a first, programmable memory section, which is alterable by a user of the device, for storing data pertaining to the use of the device, and a second, programmable memory section for storing data pertaining to the characterization of the information which may be recorded on said recording medium.

Abstract: In an operational mode in which the tape should come to a stop at predetermined positions, a braking process, which causes the stopping of a tape at an exact predetermined place, is provided. At the beginning of the braking process, a target waveform is determined in dependence on the tape speed, and the values of the speed are controlled or regulated in accordance with the waveform. Control of a slow motion mode of a video tape can also be provided.

Abstract: Apparatus and method therefor reduces the ratio ft/Za for driving matrix displays where ft represents a signal processing clock frequency and Za represents the number of lines to be displayed on the matrix display. The time interval available for executing signal processing algorithms which drive a matrix display is expanded into time intervals in which a video signal contains no information. The invention is preferably used for driving LCD displays.

Abstract: An information storage medium has at least a longitudinal bundle comprising three servo tracks (3, 4, 5). The bundle is arranged in consecutive tracking units (T(N)) of a determined longitudinal length. Surfaces of said servo tracks present either a first or a second characteristic (6, 7) and vary in size and distribution inside the tracking units. The bundles may contain longitudinally stored identification information. Methods for obtaining tracking signals indicating a transversal offset between a reading head and the bundle and for retrieving identification information are disclosed. Also methods for obtaining tracking units in which transversal tracking code is combined with distinct information are described.

Abstract: A device to reproduce data stored on a recording medium 1 in sectors 14, each sector containing an address area 15 and a data area 16 being encoded in a different way. Address areas are decoded and checked by an address checking means 4 which stores data having an incorrect address into a first memory means 5 and data having a correct address into a second memory means 6. Data contained in the second memory means 6 is decoded by a data decoding means 7 in order to be reproduced. Data contained in the first memory means 5 is permitted to be reproduced in case that the number of successive sectors having incorrect address exceeds by one the difference between newly read correct address and the last correct address before the succession of incorrect addresses.

Abstract: A control unit is used to set a first reading speed and a second reading speed of the information stored on the information medium as a function of a predetermined occupancy of the buffer below its storage capacity, for the purpose of reducing the number of returns. The drive motor which produces the reading speed is connected via a switch to the driver which drives it and, during the reduction of the reading speed to a predetermined value or until the occupancy of the buffer falls below a predetermined occupancy, the power supply to the drive motor which produces the reading speed, is reduced by means of a switch for the purpose of reducing the power consumption. Subcode information is preferably used to synchronize the data in the buffer after an interruption, and the buffer is preferably arranged between a first assembly for the pulse shaping of the signal read from the information medium and a second assembly for error correction.

Abstract: A set of coarse or initial convergence correction values for a model line of projection television receivers is defined in digital form prior to production using a fine grid or grating pattern. The set of coarse convergence correction values is digitally stored in all the receivers of the model line. A receiver-specific set of fine or final convergence correction values is defined in digital form for each receiver in the model line using a coarse grid or grating pattern. In each receiver, the receiver-specific set of fine or final convergence correction values is combined with the stored set of coarse convergence correction values. Convergence correction during subsequent operation of each receiver is based on the combined convergence correction values. Some of the coarse and fine convergence correction values can be located horizontally outside of the visible picture area of the receivers.

Abstract: The computation-intensive task of motion estimation for video signals is performed by block search methods using apparatus of reduced complexity. Motion estimation is performed by analyzing only specific bits, e.g. one or two MSBs, of the picture element values. These bits are logic-linked by means of EXOR and/or EXNOR functions, and the individual results for different block positions of a current block within a search window are combined. The respective motion vector for the current block is determined by using a minimum or maximum comparison.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for obtaining correction values for convergence setting in video projection devices includes calculating the correction values for the individual video lines at least in part by interpolation between correction interpolation point values. The correction interpolation point values are in this case distributed in the form of a grid over the screen area of the video projection device. During the calculation of correction values for the video lines of a first field of the video frame, a respective set of two intermediate or final values for the interpolation is calculated, which set is applicable to neighbouring lines in different video fields, but in each case only one intermediate or final value is used for the convergence correction in the current video line. As a result, optimal convergence correction can be set for each video line without a high memory outlay and without high computing complexity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reproduction or recording device for optical recording media with which information, data or control signals are reproduced or recorded without an optical recording medium provided as an exchangeable data medium, such as, for example, a CD or a disk for recording information, being inserted in the device and without a special electronic memory being present. According to the invention, a holding apparatus which is provided in the reproduction or recording device for optical recording media for the purpose of holding the exchangeable data medium is designed as an optical recording medium. The holding apparatus, which is driven by the disk turntable even when there is no optical recording medium inserted, is designed as an optical recording medium. The holdin apparatus has an optical recording medium which is designated as puck CD and, in contrast to the exchangeable data medium, is a component part of the device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for writing to or reading from optical recording media which have data tracks for recording or reading out information. It has a scanning means for scanning the data tracks, a detection means which emits a signal which is modulated in accordance with the information stored on the optical recording medium and a track detector, which generates a mirror signal by means of a reference value transmitter, which mirror signal indicates whether the scanning means is scanning a data track or the region between two tracks. The device is capable of forming a reliable mirror signal without a high outlay. For this purpose, the reference value transmitter is designed as an adaptive reference value transmitter to which the mirror signal is fed as input variable.

Abstract: A circuit, for processing high frequency digital signals minimizes radiation interference by reducing voltage swings at the circuit input. This is accomplished by forming circuit input structures, which exhibit very low input impedances. An example of such input circuitry is a common gate amplifier with a diode coupling the source electrode of the common gate amplifier to ground potential and input signal applied to the source electrode. Output signal is derived from the collector of the common gate electrode which has a further diode as a load circuit.

Abstract: A digital video recording apparatus comprises a means for receiving a coded video image representative signal comprising components representing spatial frequencies including DC and AC frequency information. A grouping means groups components of substantially the same type to produce grouped signals for recording. A recording means records the grouped signals on a recording medium.