Abstract: Performance of enhanced visually directed procedures under low ambient lighting conditions. A computer readable medium storing a set of computer instructions for performing an enhanced visually directed procedure under low ambient visible light on a patient's eye. The computer instructions include: acquiring at least one real-time high resolution video signal representing at least one view of the eye in at least one wavelength of light outside of the wavelengths of visible light. The computer instructions include converting the at least one view is converted corresponding to the at least one real-time high resolution video signal at the at least one wavelength of light outside of the wavelengths of visible light into at least one wavelength of visible light. The at least one high resolution photosensor is acquired after light conditions are low enough such that a pupil of the eye does not constrict substantially from its maximum pupillary diameter.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus for guiding an astigmatism correction procedure on an eye of a patient are disclosed. An example apparatus include a photosensor configured to record a pre-operative still image of an ocular target surgical site of the patient. The apparatus also includes a real-time, multidimensional visualization module configured to produce a real-time multidimensional visualization of the ocular target surgical site during an astigmatism correction procedure. The apparatus further includes a data processor configured to determine a virtual indicium that includes data for guiding the astigmatism correction procedure. The data processor uses the pre-operative still image to align the virtual indicium with the multidimensional visualization such that the virtual indicium is rotationally accurate. The data processor then displays the multidimensional visualization of the ocular target surgical site in conjunction with the virtual indicium.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus for performing enhanced visually directed procedures under low ambient light conditions are disclosed. An example method includes acquiring at least one real-time high resolution video signal representing at least one view of an eye in at least one wavelength of light outside of the wavelengths of visible light. The example method also includes converting the at least one view corresponding to the at least one real-time high resolution video signal at the at least one wavelength of light outside of the wavelengths of visible light into at least one wavelength of visible light. The at least one real-time high resolution video signal is acquired after light conditions are low enough such that a pupil of the eye does not constrict substantially from its maximum pupillary diameter.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus for guiding an astigmatism correction procedure on an eye of a patient are disclosed. An example apparatus include a photosensor configured to record a pre-operative still image of an ocular target surgical site of the patient. The apparatus also includes a real-time, multidimensional visualization module configured to produce a real-time multidimensional visualization of the ocular target surgical site during an astigmatism correction procedure. The apparatus further includes a data processor configured to determine a virtual indicium that includes data for guiding the astigmatism correction procedure. The data processor uses the pre-operative still image to align the virtual indicium with the multidimensional visualization such that the virtual indicium is rotationally accurate. The data processor then displays the multidimensional visualization of the ocular target surgical site in conjunction with the virtual indicium.

Abstract: Embodiments of a stereoscopic camera for acquiring, storing, transmitting and displaying stereoscopic images are disclosed. Some of the benefits of embodiments of this stereoscopic camera include converging optical axes, simultaneous left/right view data generation, transmitting and displaying stereoscopic images, stereoscopic digital zooming wherein a subset of pixels is displayed, pan-tilt-zooming of the stereoscopic camera, and interactive adjustment of images. Embodiments of the disclosed stereoscopic camera are capable of producing real-time, stereoscopic image data from locations or objects therein, in association with coordinate systems. Other embodiments include stereomicroscopes.

Abstract: A stereoscopic visualization camera and platform are disclosed. An example stereoscopic visualization camera includes a first plurality of lenses positioned along a first optical path and a first image sensor to record a first image stream of a target site from light in the first optical path. The stereoscopic visualization camera also includes a second plurality of lenses positioned along a second optical path, parallel to the first optical path, and a second image sensor to record a second image stream of the target site from light in the second optical path. The stereoscopic visualization camera also includes a processor configured to reduce spurious parallax between the first and second images streams by selecting pixel sets of pixel grids of the first and second image sensors such that zoom repeat points (“ZRP”) are located at a center of the respective pixel grids.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described which guide a surgeon in performing a reconstructive or cosmetic procedure. The apparatus and methods utilize three dimensional presentations of the target surgical site incorporating one or more virtual surgical guides which help attain proper alignment and orientation of the post surgical outcome.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus for displaying a fused reconstructed image with a multidimensional image are disclosed. An example imaging system receives a selection corresponding to a portion of a displayed multidimensional visualization of a surgical site. At the selected portion of the multidimensional visualization, the imaging system displays a portion of a reconstructed image which corresponds to the selected multidimensional visualization such that the displayed portion of the reconstructed image is fused with the displayed multidimensional visualization.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an imaging system displays a multidimensional visualization of a surgical site. In some embodiments, the imaging system receives a selection corresponding to a portion of the displayed multidimensional visualization of the surgical site. At the selected portion of the multidimensional visualization, the imaging system displays a portion of a multidimensional reconstructed image which corresponds to the selected multidimensional visualization such that the displayed portion of the multidimensional reconstructed image is fused with the displayed multidimensional visualization.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus for generating at least one user adjustable, accurate, real-time, virtual surgical reference indicium including data for making at least one limbal and/or corneal relaxing incision for use in astigmatism correcting procedures are disclosed. An example method includes providing at least one real-time multidimensional visualization of at least a portion of an eye to a surgeon and producing at least one rotationally accurate virtual indicium including data for making at least one limbal relaxing incision, at least one corneal relaxing incision or a combination thereof on the eye in conjunction with the real-time multidimensional visualization of at least a portion of the eye.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus for performing intraocular lens implantation using real-time surgical reference indicium are disclosed. An example method includes recording a patient specific pre-operative still image of an eye prior to cyclorotation of the eye when a patient lies down for surgery and generating at least one real-time multidimensional visualization of at least a portion of the eye for display. The method further includes using the patient specific pre-operative still image to at least produce at least one virtual surgical reference indicium including an ocular natural vertical axis of the eye and align the at least one virtual surgical reference indicium to the eye in conjunction with the real-time multidimensional visualization of at least a portion of the eye. The patient specific pre-operative still image is captured under a dilation condition selected from the group consisting of natural dilation, chemical dilation, and no dilation.

Abstract: Described herein are apparatus and associated methods for the generation of at least one user adjustable, accurate, real-time, virtual surgical reference indicium. The apparatus includes one or more real-time, multidimensional visualization modules, one or more processors configured to produce real-time, virtual surgical reference indicia, and at least one user control input for adjusting the at least one real-time virtual surgical reference indicium. The associated methods generally involve the steps of providing one or more real-time multidimensional visualizations of a target surgical field, identifying at least one visual feature in a pre-operative dataset, aligning the visual features with the multidimensional visualization, and incorporating one or more real-time, virtual surgical reference indicium into the real-time visualization. In exemplary embodiments, the apparatus and methods are described in relation to ocular surgery, more specifically capsulorrhexis.

Abstract: Described herein are apparatus and associated methods for the generation of at least one user adjustable, accurate, real-time, virtual surgical reference indicium including natural patient vertical for use in ocular surgery. The apparatus used to generate real-time, virtual surgical reference indicium including natural patient vertical includes one or more real-time, multidimensional visualization modules, one or more data processors configured to produce real-time, virtual surgical reference indicia, and at least one user control input for adjusting the at least one real-time virtual surgical reference indicium including natural patient vertical.

Abstract: The apparatus and methods of the present invention in a broad aspect provide novel visualization platforms for performing enhanced visually directed procedures on target objects or tissues under low ambient light conditions. The visualization platforms can be included with or retro-fit to existing optical systems such as stereomicroscopes and include at least one high resolution photosensor capable of acquiring a plurality of optical views of the target object or tissue in at least one wavelength outside of the wavelengths of normal visible light. A resultant real-time high resolution video signal is transmitted from the photosensor to at least one high resolution video display that can be viewed by the apparatus or process operator.

Abstract: In some embodiments, an imaging system displays a multidimensional visualization of a surgical site. In some embodiments, the imaging system receives a selection corresponding to a portion of the displayed multidimensional visualization of the surgical site. At the selected portion of the multidimensional visualization, the imaging system displays a portion of a multidimensional reconstructed image which corresponds to the selected multidimensional visualization such that the displayed portion of the multidimensional reconstructed image is fused with the displayed multidimensional visualization.

Abstract: Described herein are apparatus and methods for the generation of at least one user adjustable, accurate, real-time, virtual surgical reference indicium including data for making at least one limbal and/or corneal relaxing incision for use in astigmatism correcting procedures. The apparatus includes one or more real-time, multidimensional visualization modules, one or more data processors to produce real-time, virtual surgical reference indicia, and at least one user control input for adjusting the at least one real-time virtual surgical reference indicium including data for making at least one limbal and/or corneal relaxing incision.

Abstract: A stereoscopic microscope workstation providing high-resolution, real-time data to a display device. Various embodiments are disclosed including desktop and free-standing workstations. An image processing unit can be implemented, providing for natural orientation of the magnified image of the viewed object, also allowing rotation, cropping, filtering and other image manipulation features. Methods of performing a procedure utilizing the stereoscopic microscope workstation are disclosed, including a method of manipulating an object while viewing the object in a high-resolution real-time magnified image.

Abstract: A stereoscopic microscope workstation providing high-resolution, real-time data to a display means. Various embodiments are disclosed including desktop and free-standing workstations. An image processing unit can be implemented, providing for natural orientation of the magnified image of the viewed object, also allowing rotation, cropping, filtering and other image manipulation features. Methods of performing a procedure utilizing the stereoscopic microscope workstation are disclosed, including a method of manipulating an object while viewing the object in a high-resolution real-time magnified image.

Abstract: A stereoscopic microscope workstation providing high-resolution, real-time video signals to a display means. A stereoscopic microscope workstation providing high-resolution, real-time data to a display means. Various embodiments are disclosed including desktop and free-standing workstations. An image processing unit can be implemented, providing for natural orientation of the magnified image of the viewed object, also allowing rotation, cropping, filtering and other image manipulation features. Methods of performing a procedure utilizing the stereoscopic microscope workstation are disclosed, including a method of performing a procedure of simultaneously utilizing both foveal vision and peripheral vision.