Abstract: Various embodiments comprise systems, methods, architectures, mechanisms or apparatus for providing programmable or pre-programmed in-memory computing operations.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a stellarator comprising two sets of coils, namely a set of encircling coils which encircle the plasma axis, and a set of shaping coils which do not encircle any other coil or the plasma. In some embodiments, the encircling coils include a structural element to maintain their shape under magnetic forces. In some embodiments, the shaping coils are mounted onto one or more structural elements which, together with the shaping coils, constitute a field shaping unit. Also disclosed is a controller which may modify the electrical current flowing in one or more subsets of the coils in order to achieve target plasma parameters. Also disclosed is a method of designing a set of shaping coils by discretizing a surface dipole or current potential distribution.

Abstract: According to aspects of embodiments described herein, an optical computing device (100) comprises a plurality of input waveguides (101), a photonic meta-surface (103) in contact with the plurality of input waveguides, and a plurality of output waveguides (105) in contact with the transformational meta-surface. The optical computing device may be configured to perform a mathematical operation may be a matrix multiplication. A computer-implemented method (300) of designing an optical computing device includes a plurality of input waveguides, a photonic meta-surface, and a plurality of output waveguides, the method includes exciting each input waveguide one-by-one (303) and measuring the energy at the input region and the output region (305) to determine a contribution of the current input waveguide. The sum of contributions (307) of all input waveguides are compared to a target transformation (315) to determine a loss value used to update a set of design parameters (317).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for experimentally optimizing information quality and engagement in crowd sourced evaluation systems. It allows estimating efficiencies of different strategies to provide the greatest opportunity for social learning. It can be used for continuous tuning of social feedback. Also disclosed is a system that allows experimentation with crowd sourced evaluations of virtual services. The experimental system supports large scale online recruitment of participants into web-browser 3D virtual world. The virtual world can be designed to approximate several types of real-world, distributed information systems. Social influences can be experimentally introduced into the feedback system in order to empirically optimize its utility.

Abstract: Synthetic methods are described herein operable to efficiently produce a wide variety of molecular species through conjugate additions via decarboxylative mechanisms. For example, methods of functionalization of peptide residues are described, including selective functionalization of peptide C-terminal residues. In one aspect, a method of peptide functionalization comprises providing a reaction mixture including a Michael acceptor and a peptide and coupling the Michael acceptor with the peptide via a mechanism including decarboxylation of a peptide reside.

Abstract: Various embodiments comprise systems, methods, architectures, mechanisms, apparatus, and improvements thereof for the processing of text-based content such as from a collection of content items including unstructured and structured text of different formats and types so as to automatically derive therefrom an organized, trend-indicative representation of underlying topics/subtopics within the collection of content items.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, a method for detecting security vulnerabilities in at least one of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and Internet of Things (IoT) devices is disclosed. The method includes constructing an attack directed acyclic graph (DAG) from a plurality of regular expressions, where each regular expression corresponds to control-data flow for a known CPS/IoT attack. The method further includes performing a linear search on the attack DAG to determine unexploited CPS/IoT attack vectors, where a path in the attack DAG that does not represent a known CPS/IoT attack vector represents an unexploited CPS/IoT attack vector. The method also includes applying a trained machine learning module to the attack DAG to predict new CPS/IoT vulnerability exploits. The method further includes constructing a defense DAG configured to protect against the known CPS/IoT attacks, the unexploited CPS/IoT attacks, and the new CPS/IoT vulnerability exploits.

Abstract: Provided herein are novel heterocyclic compounds, for example, compounds having Formula I, I-P, II, II-P, III, or IV. Also provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and methods of using the same, for example, in inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenases, retinoid pathway activation, and/or for treating various cancers, cancer metastasis, type 2 diabetes, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) or neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) or as a male contraceptive.

Abstract: Disclosed are criteria for a lattice matched, multilayer, organic crystal heterostructure. Current organic devices (e.g., photovoltaics, light emitting diodes, or transistors) rely on amorphous material despite superior charge transport properties of crystalline organic semiconductors. Achieving a fully crystalline device architecture requires growth of a molecular crystal atop a different one, or heteroepitaxy, and is particularly relevant in organic semiconductor devices that demand multiple layers of different molecules. This challenge is complicated when attempting to stack highly ordered layers needed for crystalline devices because strategies are needed to ensure that each layer grows crystalline. It is shown herein that lattice matching alone is not sufficient for successful organic heteroepitaxy deposited via physical vapor deposition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a spectroscopic device, system, and method for measuring the concentration of one or more molecular species of interest in a gas, liquid or solid sample, where the device may be portable, may be commercially manufactured, and/or may be adapted to existing systems and/or integrated with new systems to provide optical gas sensing for such systems. The disclosed devices, systems, and methods can be particularly useful in monitoring the purity of, e.g., a certain gas species, including determining whether a gas mixture contains certain gas species above a set concentration limit.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, a direct magnetic gradiometer having intrinsic subtraction of rotation signals from two oppositely polarized atomic ensembles within a single multi-pass cell is disclosed. The gradiometer includes three convex spherical mirrors aligned in a V-shape geometry. The three convex spherical mirrors include a front mirror and two back mirrors. The gradiometer further includes a probe laser beam. The laser beam is configured to be initially focused at a near-zero angle into a hole at a center of the front mirror such that the laser beam expands at the back mirrors and nearly overlaps with itself while undergoing multiple reflections between the front and back mirrors. The laser beam is further configured to be refocused to the front mirror at different spots in a number equal to half of total beam passes before exiting.

Abstract: A load modulated balanced amplifier (LMBA) circuit can include an input pad of the LMBA circuit configured to receive an input signal on a semiconductor die. A transformer-based hybrid splitter can be coupled to the input pad and configured to provide a first split input signal and a second split input signal from the input signal. A control power amplifier circuit coupled the first split input signal and a power amplifier circuit coupled to the second split input signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods herein provide for error correction via Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) coding. In one embodiment, a system includes a data buffer operable to receive a block of Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoded data. The system also includes a processor operable to reduce a belief propagation algorithm used to encode the LDPC encoded data into a quadratic polynomial, to embed the quadratic polynomial onto a plurality of quantum bits (qubits), and to decode the block of LDPC encoded data via the qubits.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems and methods for crosstalk-free source encoding for ultrasound tomography. This disclosed systems and methods feature real data acquisition acceleration and/or numerical simulation acceleration (or image processing acceleration).

Abstract: A system and method for controlling metabolic enzymes or pathways in cells to produce a chemical above the levels of a wild-type strain is disclosed. The system utilizes cells, including yeasts, bacteria, and molds, having at least two genes capable of being controlled bi-directionally with light, where one gene is turned from off to on when exposed to light and another gene is turned from on to off when exposed to light, the two genes reversing when the light is turned off. Cells may utilize any number of sequences that benefit chemical production, including sequences that: encode for constitutive transcription of light-activated transcription factor fusions; encode for a metabolic enzyme; encode for a repressor; induce expression of metabolic enzymes; and an endogenous or exogenous activator expressed by a constitutive promoter, inducible promoter, or gene circuit.

Abstract: A system and method for chat-based studies utilizing a plurality of users may be provided, utilizing at least one chat room processor and a plurality of remote processors. The chat room processors may be configured to receive a chat room template, create a plurality of chat rooms based on the chat room template, assign participants to one chat rooms, provide instructions associated with the chat room when all participants are present, provide questions or prompts at times defined by the chat room template or when conditions defined by the chat room template are met, collect all messages received from each participant, and storing information that includes the message, a time stamp the message was sent and/or received, and at least one unique identification code associated with the participant sending the message.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems are described for performing quantum operations. An example device at least one magnetic field source configured to supply an inhomogeneous magnetic field, at least one semiconducting layer, and one or more conducting layers configured to: define at least two quantum states in the at least one semiconducting layer, and cause, based on an oscillating electrical signal supplied by the one or more conducting layers, an electron to move back and forth between the at least two quantum states in the presence of the inhomogeneous magnetic field. The movement of the electron between the at least two quantum states may generate an oscillating magnetic field to drive a quantum transition between a spin-up state and spin-down state of the electron thereby implementing a qubit gate on a spin state of the electron.

Abstract: There is currently a high demand for new therapeutic antibiotics with new mechanisms of action. Disclosed are two small molecules, tryglysin A and B, with novel chemical structures and potent antibiotic activity against a narrow spectrum of bacteria. This narrow spectrum of activity indicates the tryglysins could be working through a novel antibiotic mechanism of action. Due to this narrow spectrum, the tryglysins could be used as highly targeted therapeutics to treat or prevent disease without disturbing other important, “beneficial” bacteria within the human microbiome, which is a great improvement over virtually all other clinically used antibiotics that are broad-spectrum. The tryglysins are potent against several streptococcal pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumonia, the leading cause of pneumonia, and Streptococcus mutans, the primary causative agent of tooth decay and gum disease.

Abstract: Methods, kits, cartridges, and compounds related to generating chlorine dioxide by exposing ClO2? to at least one of an iron porphyrin catalyst or an iron porphyrazine catalyst are described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a spectroscopic device, system, and method for measuring the concentration of one or more molecular species of interest in a gas, liquid or solid sample, where the device may be portable, may be commercially manufactured, and/or may be adapted to existing systems and/or integrated with new systems to provide optical gas sensing for such systems. The disclosed devices, systems, and methods can be particularly useful in monitoring the purity of, e.g., a certain gas species, including determining whether a gas mixture contains certain gas species above a set concentration limit.