Abstract: An electronic message is read, and a delta is generated based on a comparison of the electronic message to an existing order book. A new order book is generated based on the delta. An event is generated based on the existing order book, the delta, and the new order book. A sequence of events, including the event, is accumulated in a queryable persistent data structure over a time span. The queryable persistent data structure thus efficiently stores representations of order books.

Abstract: Received data messages are delayed for further processing based on a bypass condition. Data messages that conform to the bypass condition are not delayed. Data messages that do not conform to the bypass condition are delayed by a delay. Data messages can be representative of orders in an electronic marketplace or trading system. The bypass condition can include indication of a post-only order. The bypass condition can further include indication of a volume that meets or exceeds a minimum volume. The delay can be calculated from a base delay and a variance that modifies the base delay. The variance can be randomly or pseudo-randomly selected and can conform to a maximum variance.

Abstract: Input data can be split into data components that can each have a length equal to a machine word size of a processor capable of parallel processing. Hash components can be selected to have a length equal to the length of the data components. A bitwise hashing function can be performed, in which each data component is hashed with a respective different one of the hash components. A representation of the hash components can be output as the hash. The bitwise hashing function can include an exclusive-or operation and a multiplication and can be a modified Fowler-Noll-Vo hashing function, such as a modified FNV-1a function.

Abstract: Received data messages are delayed for further processing based on a bypass condition. Data messages that conform to the bypass condition are not delayed. Data messages that do not conform to the bypass condition are delayed by a delay. Data messages can be representative of orders in an electronic marketplace or trading system. The bypass condition can include indication of a post-only order. The bypass condition can further include indication of a volume that meets or exceeds a minimum volume. The delay can be calculated from a base delay and a variance that modifies the base delay. The variance can be randomly or pseudo-randomly selected and can conform to a maximum variance.

Abstract: A first remote memory access link is established between a first communications interface card on the first computing device and a second communications interface card on the second computing device. In response to an error associated with the first remote memory access link, messages are copied from a segmented queue associated with the first communications interface card to a segmented queue associated with a third communications interface card on the first computing device. A second remote memory access link between the third communications interface card and a fourth communications interface card is activated on the second computing device, and messages are resent from the segmented queue associated with the third communications interface card to the fourth communications interface card through the second remote memory access link. The second computing device discards duplicate received messages, if any.

Abstract: A writing application on a computing device can reference a tail pointer to write messages to message buffers that a peer-to-peer data link replicates in memory of another computing device. The message buffers are divided into at least two queue segments, where each segment has several buffers. Messages are read from the buffers by a reading application on one of the computing devices using an advancing head pointer by reading a message from a next message buffer when determining that the next message buffer has been newly written. The tail pointer is advanced from one message buffer to another within a same queue segment after writing messages. The tail pointer is advanced from a message buffer of a current queue segment to a message buffer of a next queue segment when determining that the head pointer does not indicate any of the buffers of the next queue segment.

Abstract: A failover system, server, method, and computer readable medium are provided. The system includes a primary server for communicating with a client machine and a backup server. The primary server includes a primary session manager, a primary dispatcher a primary order processing engine and a primary verification engine. The method involves receiving an input message, obtaining deterministic information, processing the input message and replicating the input message along with the deterministic information.

Abstract: New data messages for updating a database can indicate a latency tolerance. The latency tolerance can constrain new data records based on such new data messages to also indicate the latency tolerance. Latency-tolerant data records can be constrained to remain in the working database for a minimum duration. Data records present in the working database can be prioritized according to prioritization criteria that increases priority of data records indicating latency tolerance. Matching incoming data messages with the data records present in the working database can be based on such prioritization. A matched data record can be updated or deleted upon successful match with an incoming data message. The latency tolerance can be applied to trading systems for financial instruments or interests as a long-life order that rests in an order book without being able to be cancelled or updated for the minimum duration in exchange for priority during order matching.

Abstract: Input data can be split into data components that can each have a length equal to a machine word size of a processor capable of parallel processing. Hash components can be selected to have a length equal to the length of the data components. A bitwise hashing function can be performed, in which each data component is hashed with a respective different one of the hash components. A representation of the hash components can be output as the hash. The bitwise hashing function can include an exclusive-or operation and a multiplication and can be a modified Fowler-Noll-Vo hashing function, such as a modified FNV-1a function.

Abstract: A first remote memory access link is established between a first communications interface card on the first computing device and a second communications interface card on the second computing device. In response to an error associated with the first remote memory access link, messages are copied from a segmented queue associated with the first communications interface card to a segmented queue associated with a third communications interface card on the first computing device. A second remote memory access link between the third communications interface card and a fourth communications interface card is activated on the second computing device, and messages are resent from the segmented queue associated with the third communications interface card to the fourth communications interface card through the second remote memory access link. The second computing device discards duplicate received messages, if any.

Abstract: Techniques to automate the management of investor relations are disclosed herein. A vertical domain query language is introduced, specifically for investor relations. Graphical query builder tools to create queries in the vertical domain query language are described. Reports specific to investor relations, in particular reports to assess the efficacy of investor relations activities, are also described. Investor relations client applications that make use of user state, such as identity, date time stamp and geolocation are described.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention provides a system for failover comprising at least one client selectively connectable to one of at least two interconnected server via a network connection. In a normal state, one of the servers is designated a primary server when connected to the client and a remainder of the servers are designated as backup servers when not connected to the client. The at least one client is configured to send messages to the primary server. The servers are configured to process the messages using at least one service that is identical in each of the servers. The services are unaware of whether a server respective to the service is operating as the primary server or the backup server. The servers are further configured to maintain a library, or the like, that indicates whether a server is the primary server or a server is the backup server. The services within each server are to make external calls via its respective library.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention provides a system for failover comprising at least one client selectively connectable to one of at least two interconnected server via a network connection. In a normal state, one of the servers is designated a primary server when connected to the client and a remainder of the servers are designated as backup servers when not connected to the client. The at least one client is configured to send messages to the primary server. The servers are configured to process the messages using at least one service that is identical in each of the servers. The services are unaware of whether a server respective to the service is operating as the primary server or the backup server. The servers are further configured to maintain a library, or the like, that indicates whether a server is the primary server or a server is the backup server. The services within each server are to make external calls via its respective library.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention provides a system for failover comprising at least one client selectively connectable to one of at least two interconnected servers via a network connection. In a normal state, one of the servers is designated a primary server when connected to the client and a remainder of the servers are designated as backup servers when not connected to the client. The at least one client is configured to send messages to the primary server. The servers are configured to process the messages using at least one service that is identical in each of the servers. The services are unaware of whether a server respective to the service is operating as the primary server or the backup server. The servers are further configured to maintain a library, or the like, that indicates whether a server is the primary server or a server is the backup server. The services within each server are to make external calls via its respective library.

Abstract: Techniques to automate the management of investor relations are disclosed herein. A vertical domain query language is introduced, specifically for investor relations. Graphical query builder tools to create queries in the vertical domain query language are described. Reports specific to investor relations, in particular reports to assess the efficacy of investor relations activities, are also described. Investor relations client applications that make use of user state, such as identity, date time stamp and geolocation are described.

Abstract: Techniques to automate the management of investor relations are disclosed herein. A vertical domain query language is introduced, specifically for investor relations. Graphical query builder tools to create queries in the vertical domain query language are described. Reports specific to investor relations, in particular reports to assess the efficacy of investor relations activities, are also described. Investor relations client applications that make use of user state, such as identity, date time stamp and geolocation are described.

Abstract: A method and system for pooling computing resources is provided. In an embodiment a system comprises a plurality of quotation servers connected to a quotation engine. The quotation is also connected to a clearing server. The quotation engine receives data representing quotations from different servers. The quotation engine also receives data representing actual trades from the clearing server. The quotation engine is configured to perform operations on the quotations and the actual trades in a fashion that deletes certain quotations to reduce consumption of computing resources on the quotation engine and thereby increase efficiency of processing of the quotes to arrive at a final quotation. The system also relieves processing burden on the quotation servers by shifting the processing to the quotation engine.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention provides a system for failover comprising at least one client selectively connectable to one of at least two interconnected servers via a network connection. In a normal state, one of the servers is designated a primary server when connected to the client and a remainder of the servers are designated as backup servers when not connected to the client. The at least one client is configured to send messages to the primary server. The servers are configured to process the messages using at least one service that is identical in each of the servers. The services are unaware of whether a server respective to the service is operating as the primary server or the backup server. The servers are further configured to maintain a library, or the like, that indicates whether a server is the primary server or a server is the backup server. The services within each server are to make external calls via its respective library.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention provides a system for failover comprising at least one client selectively connectable to one of at least two interconnected servers via a network connection. In a normal state, one of the servers is designated a primary server when connected to the client and a remainder of the servers are designated as backup servers when not connected to the client. The at least one client is configured to send messages to the primary server. The servers are configured to process the messages using at least one service that is identical in each of the servers. The services are unaware of whether a server respective to the service is operating as the primary server or the backup server. The servers are further configured to maintain a library, or the like, that indicates whether a server is the primary server or a server is the backup server. The services within each server are to make external calls via its respective library.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention provides a system for failover comprising at least one client selectively connectable to one of at least two interconnected servers via a network connection. In a normal state, one of the servers is designated a primary server when connected to the client and a remainder of the servers are designated as backup servers when not connected to the client. The at least one client is configured to send messages to the primary server. The servers are configured to process the messages using at least one service that is identical in each of the servers. The services are unaware of whether a server respective to the service is operating as the primary server or the backup server. The servers are further configured to maintain a library, or the like, that indicates whether a server is the primary server or a server is the backup server. The services within each server are to make external calls via its respective library.