Abstract: A nanofibrous catalyst for in the electrolyzer and methods of making the catalyst. The catalysts are composed of highly porous transition metal carbonitrides, metal oxides or perovskites derived from the metal-organic frameworks and integrated into a 3D porous nano-network electrode architecture. The catalysts are low-cost, highly active toward OER, with excellent conductivity yet resistant to the oxidation under high potential operable under both acidic and alkaline environments.

Abstract: An anode in an electrochemical cell includes an anode active material comprising sodium and a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer disposed on the anode active material. The SEI layer includes reduction products of an electrolyte solvent and is free of degradation products derived from dissolved anions of an electrolyte salt. The electrolyte solvent and the electrolyte salt are present in an electrolyte of the electrochemical cell. The SEI layer does not include a fluorine content greater than 5 wt. %.

Abstract: The invention provides a device for removing heat from a building, the device having: a first tubular member defining a first cavity; a second tubular member defining a second cavity, whereby said second tubular member resides within the first cavity and is coaxial to the first tubular member; a double conic body coaxially residing in the first cavity and coaxially positioned with the second tubular member; and a flange dimensioned to extend over at least a portion of the periphery of the existing flue so as to aid in supporting the device on the flue.

Abstract: An electrochemical device includes a cathode comprising a first cathode component of lithium and SexSy; and a second cathode component of an alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal sulfur and/or selenide, different from the first cathode component; an initial discharge product of a polyselenide and/or polysulfide anion charge compensated by an alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal cation; an anode; a porous separator; and a non-aqueous electrolyte with one or more lithium salts, and one or more solvents; wherein the electrochemical device is a lithium sulfur and/or lithium selenide battery.

Abstract: A calorimetry sensor having a porous substrate and a temperature sensitive resistive coating. The calorimetry sensor has a known temperature coefficient of resistance. A process utilizes the known temperature coefficient of resistance and monitors changes in resistance of the calorimetry sensor to determine changes in temperature (heat) within an environment, such as during reactions within an ALD reactor.

Abstract: A mineral membrane and method of making the same are disclosed. The mineral membrane may be made by exfoliating a mineral material to produce a membrane, and cross-linking the membrane.

Abstract: The present invention provides, in part, methods and processes for the production of lithium superoxide (LiO2) which is free of other lithium-oxygen compounds, as well as compositions and electrochemical cells comprising lithium superoxide (e.g., lithium superoxide that is free of other lithium-oxygen compounds).

Abstract: A hydrogen-plasma rotary kiln furnace reactor and a method of reducing iron ore to iron using the same are disclosed. The hydrogen-plasma rotary kiln furnace includes a rotary kiln furnace and a hydrogen-plasma generator.

Abstract: A lithium boron coating and a method of producing the same. Atomic layer deposition deposits lithium and boron to form a lithium borate layer. The lithium borate maybe deposited as a solid electrolyte.

Abstract: The present invention provides, in part, an electrochemical energy storage device comprising a metal anode, a separator, a high-mass-loading selenium-sulfur cathode and a lean electrolyte. In particular, the electrolyte described herein employs active solid-electrolyte interphase engineering salts and features unique solvating structure. The combination of high-mass-loading S cathode and the particular electrolytes can enhance one or more of the following cell properties: energy density, cycling stability, safety, and working temperature window.

Abstract: The present invention provides, in part, electrodes (e.g., cathodes) comprising electroactive materials (e.g., cathode active materials), a primary coating comprising a high entropy metal oxide (HEO), and optionally a secondary coating layer comprising an ionic and electronic conductive polymer, as well as an energy storage device thereof, and methods for making the same.

Abstract: A process for modifying a surface chemistry of a cathode active material includes providing a powder of the cathode active material, wetting the powder of cathode active material with an efficient amount of a solution to form a mixture, and baking the mixture to obtain a surface modified cathode active material, wherein: the cathode active material has a formula of LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2, wherein 0?x?1, 0?y?1, and 0?x+y?1; the solution comprises a solvate and a solvent; and the solvate comprises H3BO3, H3PO4, a phosphate salt, a hydrogenphosphate salt, a dihydrogenphosphate salt, or a combination of any two or more thereof.

Abstract: A flow cell system includes a vessel and a fluid located in the vessel. A fluid surface of the fluid can be vented to a first gas pressure. The fluid surface can have a first cross-sectional area. The flow cell system includes a conduit in fluid communication with the vessel and positioned downstream of the vessel. The conduit can have a region that includes one or more orifices and has a second cross-sectional area. The second cross-sectional area can be less than the first cross-sectional area. The one or more orifices can be vented to a second gas pressure. The second gas pressure can be equal to or greater than the first gas pressure. Methods for analyzing a process fluid can include characterizing the fluid in the conduit.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes a housing, a positive electrode substrate disposed within a first electrode chamber of the housing, a negative electrode substrate disposed within a second electrode chamber of the housing, and a separator may be disposed within the housing between the first electrode chamber and the second electrode chamber. A method further includes pumping a manufacturing electrolyte through the positive electrode portion around the positive electrode substrate. The method further includes applying a first electrical signal to the positive electrode substrate so as to electrochemically fabricate one or both of an active material the negative electrode substrate to form a negative electrode and/or an active material on the positive electrode substrate, thereby forming a positive electrode.

Abstract: A stabilized lithium metal oxide cathode material comprises microparticles of lithium metal oxide in which individual particles thereof a core of lithium metal oxide and a coating of a different lithium metal oxide surrounding the core. There is an interface layer between the cores and the coatings in which there are gradients of metal ions in the direction of coating to core. The materials are made by a three stage process involving coprecipitating precursor metal hydroxide core particles at a controlled pH; coprecipitating a different metal hydroxide coating on the particles without controlling the pH; and then calcining the resulting coated precursor particles with lithium hydroxide to form the stabilized lithium metal oxide material.

Abstract: A solid-state electrolyte for a multilayer solid-state electrochemical cell is described herein. The electrolyte comprises a lithium electrolyte salt and nanofibers of a cubic phase lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (c-LLZO), and a polymer interspersed with the nanofibers and electrolyte salt. Electrochemical cells comprising the solid-state electrolyte, and solid-state cathodes comprising the nanofibers of c-LLZO are also described herein.

Abstract: An electrochemical device includes an anode containing a phosphorus-carbon composite including a conductive carbon matrix and nano-sized phosphorus particles, wherein the nano-sized phosphorus particles are uniformly dispersed on the surface and/or pores of the carbon matrix.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a refractive optical element on a substrate may provide less expensive and more compact optics for an X-ray system. The method includes coating the substrate with a resin and providing radiation to a portion of the resin to cause two photon polymerization of the resin. The method further includes forming, by two photon polymerization, a first surface of a polymer refractive optical element from the resin. The first surface is disposed along an optical axis of the refractive optical element and the first surface has a roughness of less than 100 nanometers. Further, the method includes forming, by two photon polymerization, a second surface of the polymer refractive optical element. The second surface is disposed along the optical axis of the refractive optical element and the second surface has a roughness of less than 100 nanometers.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing faults includes receiving a description of a component of a thermal hydraulic system, where the description also indicates one or more sensors of the component. The method also includes constructing, based on a physical conservation law and using the description, a physics-based model describing operation of the component, the physics-based model including one or more unknown parameters. The method further includes calibrating the physics-based model by calculating the one or more unknown parameters using historical measurements to produce a calibrated model. Further, the method includes receiving sensor measurements captured by the one or more sensors, and calculating residuals corresponding to differences between measurements predicted by the calibrated model and the sensor measurements. The method also includes determining, based on the calculated residuals, a fault of the component or of a sensor of the one or more sensors, and generating an alert indicating the fault.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for fabricating analyzers, the method comprising providing a radiation manipulating material on a first surface of a flexible support; contacting a second surface of the flexible support to a permeable mold, wherein the mold has a first flexible support contact surface and a second surface; and applying negative pressure to the second side of the flexible support to cause the flexible support to conform to the first flexible support contact surface of the mold. Also provided is a system for fabricating crystal analyzers, the system comprising crystal structures reversibly attached to a flexible support; a porous mold reversibly contacting the flexible support, wherein the mold defines a topography; and a negative pressure applied to the flexible support to cause the crystal structures to conform to the topography.