Abstract: In a process for the determine ton of a volume flow a fluid is passed through a measuring line with a defined cross-section. In the measuring line the flow rate and the fill degree of the measuring line are determined and the volume flow is determined from the flow rate, the measuring line cross-section and fill degree. The determination of the flow rate and the fill degree takes place with a single measuring chamber at the same time and at the same location with respect to the axial extension of the measuring line.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sensor system for determining the moisture content in a gas to be measured. On the basis of two current saturation ranges during the determination of the moisture content with the aid of a zirconia sensor, according to the invention two spatially separated sensors are provided, which are operated at different voltages corresponding to the individual saturation current ranges. By further evaluation of the signals, this permits a very precise, on-line determination of the moisture content of the gas to be measured.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are disclosed for taking a representative milk sample during the delivery of a milk charge from one container to another. With respect to the errors encountered in operating peristaltic pumps with different speeds of revolution, the invention predetermines a corrected pumping characteristic as a function of an acceptance characteristic and correspondingly controls the taking of samples.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multispectral sensor with several filters and sensor elements for different spectral ranges of a radiation to be measured. The object of the invention is to so further develop a multispectral sensor of this type that it can be manufactured as a discrete component with small dimensions and has a high measuring accuracy, whilst obtaining a high output signal. This object is achieved in that the beam is broken down by an optical device into several partial beams and reflected onto filters. Behind the filters are located radiation-sensitive elements, which detect the spectral range corresponding to the transmission range of the in each case upstream filter. The remaining spectral range of the partial beam is reflected by the filter surface towards the other filters. Thus, each filter is supplied with the associated spectral ranges of all the partial beams.

Abstract: The invention concerns a reading head with a tapered reading opening and/or a tapered reading stylus for reading bar-type, especially passive magnetic information on a data carrier. A high resolution in reading this information with a high output signal is obtained by tapering the reading opening in direction of the end face of the reading head. The reading head is located in a casing pot and has at least one field plate sensor, on which side remote from the face a permanent magnet is placed with a magnetic shunt to the casing pot.

Abstract: An infrared temperature sensor with a sensor element sensitive for infrared radiation and which generates an analog output signal, permits a speed-variable and resolution-variable infrared temperature measurement, in that at least one resolution-adjustable converter means is provided for converting the analog signal into a digital signal and in that a digital signal processing means is provided for the program-controlled linearization and evaluation of the digital signal.