Abstract: A very high energy-density ultracapacitor apparatus and method includes more than one carbon electrode with an outer surface and an inner surface. A conductive metallic surface is connected with the outer surface. A ceramic is connected with the inner surface of at least one of the more than one carbon electrodes. A separator is provided between the more than one carbon electrode and an electrolyte is provided.

Abstract: A human centered informational display is disclosed that can be used with vehicles (e.g. aircraft) and in other operational environments where rapid human centered comprehension of an operational environment is required. The informational display integrates all cockpit information into a single display in such a way that the pilot can clearly understand with a glance, his or her spatial orientation, flight performance, engine status and power management issues, radio aids, and the location of other air traffic, runways, weather, and terrain features. With OZ the information is presented as an integrated whole, the pilot instantaneously recognizes flight path deviations, and is instinctively drawn to the corrective maneuvers. Our laboratory studies indicate that OZ transfers to the pilot all of the integrated display information in less than 200 milliseconds. The reacquisition of scan can be accomplished just as quickly. Thus, the time constants for forming a mental model are near instantaneous.

Abstract: A computer system having an explanation facility for facilitating user understanding of concepts underlying a domain of knowledge which enables a user to interact with and explore the domain of knowledge. The explanation facility utilizes a concept-map based representation of a domain of knowledge and several icons to control the mode of output of information from the computer system. Each concept map has concept nodes which represent concepts in the domain of knowledge, links between the concept nodes, and icons. The icons are positioned at the concept nodes and represent alternative modes of output of information from the computer system. A user desiring more information about a concept node can select one of the icons corresponding to the mode of output of information desired. Modes of output of information include audio, video (images and movies), text, concept maps, and combinations of the foregoing.