Abstract: Disclosed are substituted (4?-hydroxylphenyl)cycloalkane compounds and there use as selective agonists of the estrogen receptor beta isoform (ER?). The disclosed compounds may be formulated as pharmaceutical compositions and administered to treat diseases associated with ER activity, such as proliferative diseases and disorders and/or psychiatric diseases or disorders.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for controlling a vehicle engine to reduce cycle-to-cycle combustion variation. A predictive model is applied to predict cycle-to-cycle combustion behavior of an engine based on observed engine performance variables. Conditions are identified, based on the predicted cycle-to-cycle combustion behavior, that indicate high cycle-to-cycle combustion variation. Corrective measures are then applied to prevent the predicted high cycle-to-cycle combustion variation.

Abstract: A method for evaluating the solubility of a crystalline substance in a polymer comprises a) providing at least one sample of an intimate crystalline substance/polymer mixture at a predetermined crystalline substance concentration; b) annealing the sample at a constant temperature Ta for a period of time; c) heating the annealed sample while recording the heat flux over time by DSC; d) identifying a DSC dissolution endotherm in the recorded heat flux, if any; e) considering the crystalline substance concentration as a concentration above the crystalline substance solubility in the polymer at temperature Ta when there is a DSC dissolution endotherm identified, and considering the crystalline substance concentration as a concentration less than or equal to the crystalline substance solubility in the polymer at temperature Ta when there is no DSC dissolution endotherm identified.

Abstract: An electric machine includes a rotor having at least one pole pair, the at least one pole pair including a first magnetic pole and a second magnetic pole having opposite polarities. The first magnetic pole may include a first inner radial permanent-magnet layer and a first outer radial permanent-magnet layer. The second magnetic pole may include a second inner radial permanent-magnet layer and a second outer radial permanent-magnet layer. An outer end of the first inner radial permanent-magnet layer and an outer end of the second inner radial permanent-magnet layer may be separated by an angle of between about 27 and about 55 electrical degrees. The electric machine may also include a stator having a stator core with an odd number of stator slots per pole pair of the rotor.

Abstract: The present invention provides cysteine prodrugs for the treatment of schizophrenia and drug addiction. The invention further encompasses pharmaceutical compositions containing prodrugs and methods of using the prodrugs and compositions for treatment of schizophrenia and drug addiction.

Abstract: The present invention provides cysteine prodrugs for the treatment of schizophrenia and drug addiction. The invention further encompasses pharmaceutical compositions containing prodrugs and methods of using the prodrugs and compositions for treatment of schizophrenia and drug addiction.

Abstract: The present invention provides cysteine and cystine bioisosteres for the treatment of schizophrenia and drug addiction. The invention further encompasses pharmaceutical compositions containing such bioisosteres and methods of using the bioisosteres for treatment of schizophrenia and drug addiction.

Abstract: Resist compositions containing silicon, boron, or both silicon and boron may be used with ultra-violet lithography processes and extreme ultra-violet (EUV) lithography processes to increase the reactive ion etch resistance of the resist compositions, improve transmission of the resist materials, and to dope substrates.

Abstract: An air injection technique to evacuate and prevent from settling zebra mussels and other encrustaceous organisms from underwater vertical, horizontal or angular surfaces. Such surfaces located in fresh or salt water may be part of critical underwater components such as metering and monitoring devices.

Abstract: A molding process and apparatus produces molded parts from cellulosic fibers. A dry process molds cellulosic fibers including the steps of mixing the cellulosic fibers and a binder to form a substantially homogeneous mixture; distributing the mixture to a desired pre-form, preferably having a non-uniform cross-section; and molding the pre-form, under a predetermined pressure and heat, to form a molded part having a substantially uniform density. A distribution assembly distributes the mixture to a desired pre-form by rotational and/or vibrational motion. The rotor on the upper surface of the telescoping portion of the distribution assembly cylindrically rotates to mechanically move the mixture in a desired pre-form shape. The rotor may be unevenly weighted such that as it rotates, the distribution assembly vibrates thereby mechanically distributing the mixture by causing it to settle in the cartridge in the desired pre-form shape.

Abstract: Layers of zirconium oxide and another ceramic, such as alumina or silicon carbide, are sequentially deposited on a support to form a nanolaminate containing a thin layer of polycrystalline metastable tetragonal zirconia deposited on the support. A process for making a nanolaminate material of the invention is carried out by sputter deposition. Zirconia is deposited on the chosen support by vacuum sputter deposition under conditions effective to form a thin layer of polycrystalline, metastable tetragonal zirconia on the support. A hard ceramic such as alumina is then deposited on the support by vacuum sputter deposition under conditions effective to form a thin layer of hard ceramic superposed on the zirconia layer.

Abstract: A method for determining concentrations of solutes such as alcohols, amino acids, carbohydrates, calcium, etc. in water solution. The open-circuit potential shift of an oxidatively pretreated nickel electrode in alkaline solution is used.

Abstract: A metal matrix composite consisting of aluminum silicon alloy reinforced with graphite fibers exhibits improved mechanical and physical properties when the graphite fibers are subjected to external cooling.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the permittivity of a sample is disclosed. The method includes applying an AC electrical signal in the microwave frequency range via a coaxial probe having an end position near the sample and measuring the reflection coefficient of the sample. The complex permittivity of the sample is determined from an admittance parameter of the sample/probe combination and a system constant. The system constant is determined by measuring the reflection coefficients of four standards having known complex permittivity. The admittance parameter of the sample/probe combination is determined from the admittance parameters of two standards/probe combinations and the measured reflection coefficients of the sample and the four standards. The admittance parameters of the two standard/probe combinations are determined from the known complex permittivities of the two standards and the system constant.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for imaging of an atomic environment are disclosed. The method includes detecting and measuring the intensity of a diffuse low energy electron diffraction pattern. The diffraction pattern may be formed by directing a beam of electrons against the surface of a sample, or by directing a beam of X-rays against the surface of a sample. The diffraction pattern may be energy-filtered to obtain a diffraction pattern corresponding to the lower energy electrons emitted by the surface. Data corresponding to reconstructed amplitudes of a waveform is generated by operating on the intensity data. The data corresponding to the reconstructed amplitude is capable of being displayed as a variety of slices or two-dimensional planes of the three-dimensional image of an atomic environment, and is capable of being displayed holographically.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for three dimensional imaging of the atomic environment of disordered adsorbate atoms are disclosed. The method includes detecting and measuring the intensity of a diffuse low energy electron diffraction pattern formed by directing a beam of low energy electrons against the surface of a crystal. Data corresponding to reconstructed amplitudes of a wave form is generated by operating on the intensity data. The data corresponding to the reconstructed amplitudes is capable of being displayed as a three dimensional image of an adsorbate atom. The apparatus includes a source of a beam of low energy electrons and a detector for detecting the intensity distribution of a DLEED pattern formed at the detector when the beam of low energy electrons is directed onto the surface of a crystal.

Abstract: A process for producing a copper alloy composite containing dispersed graphite. The process comprises locating compacted uncoated graphite in a preheated die, pouring molten copper alloy over the compacted graphite and infiltrating the compacted graphite with the molten copper alloy.

Abstract: The present invention is a new and distinct primocane fruiting red raspberry cultivar named ‘Jaclyn’, which is capable of producing fruit much earlier than that of the standard cultivars. The cultivar is characterized by a vigorous suckering ability and its consistently large, dark, long conic and very symmetrical fruit. Fruit seldom sunscalds in the mid-Atlantic states when grown under standard irrigation and fertilization practices. Fruit aroma is very full, and fruit quality is excellent through even high temperatures. Fruit separation can be difficult in cooler weather.

Abstract: The present invention is a new and distinct fall bearing red raspberry cultivar named ‘Josephine’, which is capable of producing fruit on primocanes, the fruit being larger, with tougher skin and more cohesive than that of the standard cultivars. The cultivar is characterized by moderate suckering ability and its large, round and extremely symmetrical fruit which ripens later than standard cultivars. Most drupelets tear apart rather than separate from each other and it is common to observe perfectly curvilinear rows of drupelets, i.e. along the latitudinal circumference of the fruit.

Abstract: The present invention is a new and distinct spring bearing red raspberry cultivar named ‘Emily’, which is capable of producing highly cohesive and firm fruit in the spring midseason, the fruit being larger and more durable than that of the standard cultivars. The cultivar is characterized by moderate suckering ability, small red thorns and its large and elongate fruit which have a much narrower cavity than standard cultivars. Because of this trait, the fruit of ‘Emily’ is structurally more sound than other cultivars.