Abstract: A web-forming method is applied in a paper machine. The web-forming section which includes a lower wire loop having an initial single-wire run and dewatering zone in which the web is dewatered through and an upper wire loop having a joint run with a subsequent run of the lower wire to form a two-wire dewatering zone within which dewatering takes place substantially through the upper wire. A first open faced forming roll is situated within the upper wire loop so that the two-wire dewatering progress begins upwardly in the region of the first forming roll. A forming shoe within the lower wire loop has a curved deck whose center of curvature is situated on the side of the lower wire loop and further guides the joint run of the upper and lower wires in the two-wire dewatering zone. A second forming roll situated within the lower wire loop after the forming shoe guides the joint run of the upper and lower wires over a downwardly curved sector thereof.

Abstract: An attachment lug is fixed to the end region of a cylindrical body, such as a power cylinder, a piston-cylinder combination or the like, to form an assembly wherein loads directed on the attachment lug are transmitted to the cylindrical member. The attachment lug comprises a fork portion of shell-type design on which a first conical surface is formed. A second conical surface is formed on an end region of the cylindrical member, the first and second conical surfaces having corresponding configurations adapted to mate with each other. The attachment lug is connected to the end region of the cylindrical member with the first and second conical surfaces mating with each other, the first and second conical surfaces being joined to each other by a bonding agent. The shell-like fork portion of the attachment lug is formed of a composite material, such as a thermosetting plastic reinforced by a continuous fiber structure.

Abstract: A method for forming a paper web by which web formation is improved and flocculation in the web is reduced includes the steps of feeding steam under pressure into the fiber suspension when the suspension enters into the gap of the former and as web formation is initiated over the perforated mantle of the forming roll. The steam is fed from a steam supply chamber or the like provided within the forming roll through the perforations in the roll mantle within a steam supply sector of the roll mantle. The steam feed is applied to the pulp web when the web is still substantially uncouched and in a manner such that when the steam condenses in the pulp suspension, an implosion is generated in the pulp suspension which produces high frequency mechanical vibrations which can be closely controlled to achieve the desired effects. A twin-wire former and forming roll therefor for applying the method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A profile bar for a discharge opening of a head box of a paper machine, by means of which the profile of the discharge jet from the paper machine is controlled. The profile bar may be connected to adjustment spindles, by means of which the profile bar can be bent in a plane transverse to a direction of flow of the discharge jet. Bending stiffness of the profile bar in the direction of bending to be achieved by means of the adjustment spindles, is arranged to be substantially lower within areas facing the adjustment spindles than at a middle of an area between the adjustment spindles. Transverse sawings or recesses may be made into the profile bar with a spacing substantially denser than the spacing between the adjustment spindles or equivalent. Alternatively, the profile bar may be provided with projections to which the adjustment spindles are attached, with the height of the projections being greater than a maximum height of the profile bar in the space between the projections.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for reeling a web, suitable in the reeling of paper web, wherein the web is introduced over the mantle of a reeling cylinder and passed onto a reeling shaft on which the web is reeled. The pressure level in a wedge-shaped inlet nip defined between the reeling cylinder mantle and the incoming run of the web is adjusted to eliminate or reduce the positive pressure which would otherwise exist in the nip by ejecting air from the nip by means of a blowing member situated in connection with the nip. Air jets are discharged from the blowing member in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the surface of the reeling cylinder and/or opposite to the direction of movement of the incoming web run and by means of the air jets, air is ejected from the inlet nip to reduce the pressure therein.

Abstract: A water vessel of the floating-dock type is provided with an arrangement for adapting the vessel for seismic or similar research. A platform is mounted above the cargo deck and extends between the side walls of the vessel. Research equipment including at least a measurement cable mounted on a reel is supported on the platform. The measurement cable is passed from the reel through the stern door of the vessel into the sea. Cables for transmitting impulses to be measured are situated within spaces provided within the side walls of the vessel so as to be lowerable into the sea from the stern ends of the side walls. According to one embodiment, the platform is mounted so as to be displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the vessel. By means of the invention, a vessel of the floating-dock type can be converted to a vessel suitable for research operations in an economical manner.

Abstract: A frame construction and method in a paper machine press section having a compact press roll combination forming at least two press nips through which a paper web runs, the frame consturction and method facilitating the removal and replacement of the fabrics and/or press rolls. The frame consturction of the press section includes, in the direction of web run through the press section, a front frame situated before the press roll combination and a rear frame separate from the front frame situated after the roll combination. The space above the roll combination and between the front and rear frames is open or openable through the provision of an intermediate frame situated above the roll combination. The intermediate frame is pivotally mounted on the rear frame about a transverse axis located at a longitudinal side of the roll combination.

Abstract: A twin-wire drying section of a paper machine includes upper and lower rows of drying cylinders, an upper drying wire guided by the upper drying cylinders and upper guide rolls situated between the upper drying cylinders, and a lower drying wire guided by the lower drying cylinders and lower guide rolls situated between the lower drying cylinders. A web is pressed by the upper wire in direct drying contact with the surfaces of the upper drying cylinders and is pressed by the lower wire in direct drying contact with the surfaces of the lower drying cylinders and has a free draw of a certain length between a drying cylinder of one row and a drying cylinder of another row. In accordance with the invention, a vacuum zone in arranged on a run of a drying wire between a drying cylinder and the next guide roll which causes the web to be suctioned against the drying wire so that the length of the free run of the web is substantially shortened.

Abstract: A method for applying a negative pressure over a sector of an air-pervious mantle of a roll includes providing a suction chamber within the pervious roll mantle which extends over a suction sector of the roll, directing air jets away from the suction chamber at the outermost edge portions of the suction chamber, the air jets causing air currents to be ejected from the suction chamber at the outermost edge zones thereof, the air currents thereby producing air seals at the outermost edge zones of the suction chamber without the use of contact-type sealing elements and at the same time, at least partly, providing a negative pressure in the suction chamber. A suction roll includes blow nozzles for directing air jets away from the suction chamber substantially parallel to the tangent of the roll mantle proximate to the blow nozzles. The inlet sides of the blow nozzles are connected to a pressure chamber situated within the roll mantle, the pressure chamber adapted to be connected to a pressure source.

Abstract: Apparatus for conveying a web lead-in strip in a paper machine in a controlled manner includes a conveyor belt arranged in a loop around one or more reversing rolls, the conveyor belt being formed of an air-pervious fabric. Devices are arranged within the loop of the conveyor belt for creating a dynamic vacuum on the belt run on which the lead-in strip is conveyed to cause the lead-in strip to adhere to that belt run. The devices comprise guide plates associated with respective air distributing headers which direct air jets over the guide plates. The guide plates are arranged substantially parallel to the plane of the conveying run of the belt in a manner such that a dynamic vacuum is created which acts on the conveying run to cause the lead-in strip of the web to adhere to the conveying run of the conveyor belt. The apparatus is lightweight and compact in construction and permits the lead-in procedure to be automated to such an extent that no manual operations are required.

Abstract: Method and apparatus in the head box of a paper machine for controlling the distortion of fibre orientation in the paper web comprise an arrangement wherein by-pass flows of pulp suspension are passed through opposite passages lateral of the turbulence generator preceding the slice portion or discharge channel of the head box. The magnitude and/or the mutual relationship of the by-pass flows is adjusted to control the distortion of the fibre orientation in that the by-pass flows produce a transverse flow in the discharge flow of the pulp suspension from the head box, the speed of which compensates for the distortion of the fibre orientation.

Abstract: An improvement in apparatus for guiding a web leader from a press section to a drying section of a paper machine, the apparatus including flexible guide ropes forming a gap into which the leader is shifted, an initial air blow device for guiding the leader towards the drying wire of the drying section, a first blow member for detaching the leader from the drying wire and a second blow member for applying transversely directed air jets onto the leader to shift it into the gap formed by the guide ropes. According to the improvement, the second air blow device includes a blow member which is mounted for pivotal movement between a non-operating lateral position outside of the edge of the drying wire and an operative position in opposed relationship thereto.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for regulating pressure in a wedge-shaped space between the wall of the headbox lip beam or the like and the breast roll. An arrangement is provided by which air jets are directed in a direction opposite to the direction in which the forming wire moves on the breast roll to eject air out of the wedge-shaped space to maintain the pressure induced therein at a desired level. The apparatus includes a blow box coupled to a source of pressurized air and the box having a wall in opposed relationship to the forming wire in which nozzle openings or slots are formed through which the air jets are directed. The blow box has a wider side which substantially closes the wedge-shaped space. Water jets are directed into the wedge-shaped space by water supply devices provided on the blow box for cleaning purposes.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for electromagnetic heating of a roll by induction, in which a variable magnetic flux is directed into an outer surface of the roll from a magnetic shoe device comprising a plurality of cores situated externally of the roll and over substantially the entire axial length thereof. Each core is spaced a discrete distance from the roll surface. The magnetic flux acts to induce eddy currents along the surface of the roll, thus generating heat thereon.

Abstract: A closed press section of a paper machine in which a paper web leaving the wire section of the paper machine is passed, supported by a first upper fabric, through a first double-felted press nip formed by two hollow-faced rolls. The lower fabric in the first double-felted press nip is a second fabric which carries the web forwardly after the first press nip. The press section further includes a smooth-faced central roll against which at least two single-felt nips are formed, the press fabric in the first one of the single-felt nips being constituted by the second fabric. The web is detached from the second fabric and adheres to the face of the smooth-faced central roll and moves along therewith into the next single-felt nip. The press section is devoid of press rolls of the suction type with the first double-felted press nip being formed between two solid-mantle hollow-faced rolls.

Abstract: An improvement in a working vehicle, such as a tractor, which includes a first frame part to which a steering wheel axle is coupled and a second frame part to which a second wheel axle is coupled with the frame part being pivotally interconnected to allow steering of the vehicle and wherein one of the wheel axles is swivelly mounted to its respective frame part to rock about a substantially horizontal axis so that one end of the rocking wheel axle is elevated when the vehicle is driven over uneven terrain.

Abstract: A tractor control system has a work implement, an actuator for the work implement, an electronic circuit utilizing an analog/digital technique and including an analog/digital control unit and a device for measuring a factor dominating the performance of the actuator and providing a first signal representing the actual value of the control system, a second signal representing a set point value, and a third signal in analog form representing the difference between the values of the first and second signals. The difference constitutes the control deviation for governing the analog/digital control unit which controls the actuator. A converter converts the third signal to digital form by a sampling device for sampling at a sampling frequency f.sub.o to establish a dead range in a time dimension. The sampling device provides pulses. A comparator circuit processes the digital signal and includes comparators having limit values defining the dead range set therein.

Abstract: A frame construction and method in a paper machine press section having a compact press roll combination forming at least two press nips through which a paper web runs, the frame construction and method facilitating the removal and replacement of the fabrics and/or press rolls. The frame construction includes a front frame situated before the press roll combination and a rear frame separate from the front frame situated after the roll combination. The space above the roll combination and between the front and rear frames is opened or openable by pivoting an intermediate frame situated above the roll combination into an open position. The replacement of fabrics and press rolls are carried out by utilizing the open space obtained by pivoting the intermediate frame.

Abstract: Apparatus for handling unitary loads, such as containers, concrete elements, plate-shaped objects and the like, include a prime mover, such as a power vehicle or the like, which is equipped with a mechanism for engaging and raising one end of the load from the surface to which it rests, and an auxiliary device equipped with wheels which is separate from the prime mover and which supports the load during the handling operation. The auxiliary device is self-propelled and is controlled by an operator who can be situated in a cab of the prime mover. In operation, one end of the unitary load is raised from the base surface on which it rests by means of the engagement members of the prime mover whereupon the auxiliary device is positioned beneath the load to engage the same. The auxiliary device is propelled towards the opposite end of the load so that the latter is raised from the base surface with the load being supported on its underside by the auxiliary device so that the load can then be moved.

Abstract: Method and apparatus in the calendering of a web in a calender comprising a calender stack including at least two calender rolls situated substantially one over the other defining at least one calendering nip between them in which the web to be calendered is pressed at a suitable linear load, and wherein the outer rolls of the stack are provided with internal apparatus for varying or adjusting the roll crowns. The mantle of one or both of the calender rolls defining a calendering nip is heated to produce in the web passing through the nip a significant temperature differential in the thickness direction of the web between its interior portion and its surface layers and/or between its opposite surface layers. In this manner, the mechanical calendering work normally a function of the linear loading of the calender rolls is compensated for by the temperature gradient produced by the temperature differential which acts on the plastic properties of the web.