Abstract: An improvement in a process for refining crude glyoxal solutions, especially those obtained by the oxidation of acid aldehyde with nitric acid, wherein the crude glyoxal solution, free of volatile acids, is neutralized, the glyoxal is transformed to the glyoxal semiacetal with an alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and, after separation of the salts and other impurities, is again hydrolized with water at elevated temperatures. The improvement described involves continuously extracting the glyoxal semiacetal formed with an organic solvent which is immiscible with water, hydrolyzing the extracted glyoxal semiacetal and refining the aqueous glyoxal solution obtained with active charcoal.

Abstract: Improvement in the known process for producing organic cyclic hydroperoxides, which process includes oxidizing a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein Ar is an aromatic or saturated cycloaliphatic radical and each R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical or a hydrogenated bicyclic terpene hydrocarbon hydroperoxide with an oxygen-containing gas at a temperature of about 80.degree.-150.degree. C under a pressure of about atmospheric up to about 10 atms., wherein the product, when produced by this process, has an improved activity on the catalysis of olefin polymerization if the oxidation reaction is halted at the point where the produced hydroperoxide has a concentration in the reaction mass of about one to less than 5%.

Abstract: An apparatus for recovering higher melting organic materials which is an upright column containing a gas inlet at a lower portion thereof and a gas outlet at the upper portion thereof. The apparatus has a wall disposed in the flow of the gas between the gas inlet and the gas outlet which wall is perforated to allow gas to flow therethrough. Cooling means are provided on the side of the wall away from the gas inlet to cool components of a gas flowing therethrough.

Abstract: Maleic acid is recovered from aqueous solutions containing benzoquinone especially from a catalyst benzene oxidation process by:A. concentrating an aqueous maleic acid solution containing benzoquinone;B. adding from 0.1 to 2.0 weight percent of phthalic acid or its anhydride, based on the weight of maleic acid, to the concentrated solution from (a); thereafterC. separating the maleic acid from the mixture from (b) by continuous distillation with an organic solvent and purifying the separated maleic acid.

Abstract: Process for purification of crude pyromellitic acid dianhydride produced by vapor phase oxidation of 1,2,4,5-tetraalkylbenzene with an oxygen-containing gas, having a purity of more than about 95% pyromellitic acid dianhydride. In a first distillation stage, said crude pyromellitic acid dianhydride is distilled at pressure of less than about 310 Torr, and temperature of less than about 350.degree. C to distill overhead an impurities containing fraction amounting to less than about 20% of the crude introduced into the first stage, and provide a residue enriched in pyromellitic acid dianhydride. In a second distillation stage, the residue of the first stage is distilled at lower pressure and at temperature of less than about 325.degree. C to distill overhead the purified pyromellitic acid dianhydride, and provide an impurities containing residue of less than about 12% of the crude introduced into the first step.

Abstract: Molding method and polyadducts for molding objects and coatings from 1,2-epoxy compounds having more than one epoxy group in the molecule and ureas having the formula: ##STR1## wherein N .gtoreq. 1,R' is an alkylene or arylene radical,R" is hydrogen and at least one radical from the group of ##STR2## THE GROUP ##STR3## R'" being the same or different radical from the group of hydrogen and alkyl, X being an R'"OOC--, R'".sub.2 NOC-- or NC-- radical and R"" being alkyl or aryl.

Abstract: Nitrous oxide losses are reduced by bringing acid to weakly alkaline salt solutions or suspensions into media containing nitrous oxide or media which develop nitrous oxide.

Abstract: Coatings having a matt finish are made by applying a powder varnish composition to a substrate and thereafter reacting the varnish at a temperature of 100.degree. to 240.degree. C to form the matt finish coating. The powder varnish composition is a finely divided, particulate mixture ofI. a 1,2-epoxy compound having a melting point greater than 40.degree. C and containing at least one 1,2-epoxy group; andIi. a salt of a polycarboxylic acid (such as pyromellite acid) containing three or more carboxyl groups and a cyclic amidine (such as 2-phenylimidazoline).

Abstract: Crude glyoxal solutions obtained for example by the oxidation of acetaldehyde with nitric acid are purified by removing volatile acids followed by neutralization. Thereafter, the glyoxal is converted into a glyoxal glyoxal-di-(alkylhemiacetal) with an alcohol containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms with water removal during the conversion. After separating salts and other impurities, the glyoxal-di-(alkylhemiacetal) is hydrolyzed with water at elevated temperatures to yield pure glyoxal hydrate.

Abstract: Stabilized ammonium nitrate is prepared from ammonium nitrate melts by removing substantially all of the water from said ammonium nitrate melt, then adding polyphosphates in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0% by weight and finally converting the melt to a solid state.

Abstract: In the process of production of alcohol by hydration of olefin by reacting water and olefin in a reaction zone, for conversion of the olefin to the alcohol, wherein following the hydration unreacted olefin is separated from the effluent from the reaction zone and recycled to the reaction zone, the improvement which comprises maintaining the concentration of olefin at more than 90 vol.% based on the combined composition of the recycle stream and make-up olefin introduced into the process, as gas. The effluent of the hydration reaction can be separated into an alcohol fraction and a gaseous residue fraction; the residue fraction can be distilled into an overhead fraction and a sump fraction, and the overhead fraction can be employed as the recycle stream. Impurities in the system even though lower boiling than the olefin can be removed in the sump product of the distillation to control the concentration of such impurities in the recycle stream.

Abstract: Single-component polyurethane varnishes having long shelf life containing conventional solvents and the reaction product of 3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylisocyanate (IPDI) and branched polyesters containing terminal hydroxyl groups. The polyesters contain intermolecular tin and are based on mixtures of aliphatic and aromatic dicarboxylic acids, 15 to 85 mole percent of the acids being aliphatic, the balance aromatic. The polyester and IPDI are reacted without catalysts at temperatures of 10.degree. to 35.degree. C and in such quantities that there are two isocyanate group for each --OH group.

Abstract: In the process of making ketones by oxidizing olefins wherein olefins are first hydrated to secondary alcohols which are then dehydrogenated to ketones, the hydration step is carried out simultaneously with a liquid organic extraction step during which the secondary alcohols and ether by-product formed are absorbed and, following separation of the olefin-water phase, the secondary alcohols in the organic extracted phase are dehydrogenated and the ether by-product is purged.

Abstract: Pure C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkanols are prepared from crude water containing alcohols in a continuous distillation process which includes an extractive distillation zone into which water and crude alcohols are introduced and from which is removed an impurities stream and a dilute aqueous alcohol stream; an alcohol concentration zone into which is introduced a dilute alcohol stream from the extractive distillation zone from which is withdrawn pure concentrated alcohols, a low boiling impurities stream and a high boiling impurities stream; and an impurities concentration zone into which is introduced the impurities stream from the extractive distillation zone and the high and low boiling impurities streams from the alcohol concentration zone from which is withdrawn high and low boiling impurities and an alcohol containing stream which is recycled to the extractive distillation zone with the crude alcohols.

Abstract: A water-free mixture of isopropyl alcohol, diisopropyl alcohol, diisopropyl ether and by-products is made by the catalytic hydration of propylene in the gaseous phase at temperatures of 140.degree.-170.degree.C under pressures of 25-40 atmospheres gauge. A water-to-propylene molar ratio of 0.1 to 0.25:1 is maintained in the hydration reaction. The crude product from the hydration reaction is dehydrated or dewatered in two columns without using a foreign withdrawing agent. Instead, diiosopropyl ether formed in the process itself is utilized as the withdrawing agent which is subsequently added to the water-free mixture together with additionally formed by-products. The water-free mixture formed according to the process can be used directly as an additive to gasoline fuel for motor vehicles.

Abstract: Urea derivative containing isocyanate groups having the formula ##SPC1##This urea derivative is prepared by reacting 3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylisocyanate with water in a molar ratio of 2:1 at temperatures in the range of 0.degree.-100.degree.C in the presence of a catalyst with stirring in a solvent for the urea derivative.

Abstract: Stable, cross-linked polyurethane aqueous dispersions are prepared byI. reacting branched polyesters having terminal hydroxyl groups and 3-isocyanto-methyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate in inert solvents at temperatures of from 10.degree. to 50.degree.C, said isocyanate being used in an amount such that there are from 1.4 to 2.0-NCO equivalents per --OH group equivalent;Ii. reacting the initial reaction product from (i) with primary or secondary diamines or diols in an amount such that from 30 to 70% of the --NCO group present in said initial reaction product are reacted;Iii. reacting the second reaction product from (ii) with aqueous solutions of sodium salts of monobasic aminoacids such that from 15 to 30% of the --NCO group present in said second reaction product are reacted; andIv. removing the inert solvent by distillation.

Abstract: Elutriation apparatus and process using apparatus comprising an upper and a lower member separated by a restricted intermediate cross-section member wherein the lower member has a lesser cross section than the upper member. The process is carried out by operating the lower member as a dispersed suspension (known per se) elutriation apparatus and by operating the upper member as a dense fluidized bed (known per se) elutriation apparatus with the intermediate member causing an increase in the velocity, of at least 1.2 times, of the elutriant passing therethrough from the lower to the upper members.