Abstract: Coupled fiber-optic, evanescent-wave biosensors are improved through the use of configurations which adjust certain optical characteristics for enhanced sensitivity. In the preferred embodiment, this is carried out by inputting light into the coupler at either a different wavelength or multiple wavelengths simultaneously. In alternative embodiments, different modulation schemes and/or interferometric schemes are utilized. For example, at each of the inputs, different carrier frequencies may be used and modulated at lower frequencies, including prime-number frequencies. As the refractive index is changed in the vicinity of the coupling, a shift in the wavelength will induce a phase shift in the baseline signal such that, during data collection, the sensor is able to detect more refined changes. In general, through appropriate choice of input wavelength, fewer operational points will fall in an inefficient local maximum or minimum, thereby affording much greater sensitivity.

Abstract: An evanescent-wave optical biosensor includes a hollow optical waveguide, preferably in the form of a light-conductive capillary, surrounding a central waveguide preferably in the form of an optical fiber to create a sealed cavity. A source of optical energy as from a laser is directed into one or both of the light-input ends of the capillary and fiber, such that an evanescent field extends into the cavity from one or both of the inner surface of the capillary and the outer surface of the fiber. A first biomolecular constituent is attached to one or both of the inner wall of the hollow optical waveguide and the outer surface of the second optical waveguide, such that the first biomolecular binding partner is substantially within the evanescent field if present.

Abstract: Single-mode and multi-mode fibers to achieve modal splitting and greater sensitivity in an optical fiber coupler for evanescent-wave biosensor applications. A source of light having multiple modes is coupled to the input to one of the multi-mode fibers, with the geometry of necked-down section being such that a limited number of modes may be carried by the multi-mode fiber as the light emerges from the coupler. At least one of the single-mode fibers is supported adjacent the multi-mode fiber to receive and carry one of the limited modes. A biomolecule enveloped by the evanescent field, exhibits a direct or indirect affinity to a binding partner, such that attachment of the binding partner is at least partially responsible for the limited number of modes carried by the multi-mode fiber as the light emerges from the coupler.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nucleic acid binding polymer which has affinity for nucleic acid molecules such as DNA, RNA, or hybrids thereof. The polymer is comprised of a nucleic acid binding backbone linked to a nucleic acid binding agent, preferably by a linking moiety. The polymer can be used to isolate and purify nucleic acid molecules from a variety of sample types including but not limited to clinical and environmental.

Abstract: A substrate for collecting nucleic acids, for example, DNA, (and processes of making and using the same), comprising a surface; an aerogel coated on said surface; an active silane attached so said aerogel; and a nucleic acid binding agent attached to said silane.

Abstract: A deployable cellular structure providing impact energy absorption capability is disclosed. The structure may be packed when not in use and deployed automatically or manually to provide impact protection. The structure is useful in a variety of situations including vehicular protection of occupants, deployable highway safety barriers, and aviation emergency safety devices.