Abstract: Waste is burnt in a furnace chamber (1). The oxygen-containing flue gases resulting in this process are introduced into a fluidized bed in an afterburning chamber (5) and reburnt. Solids discharged with the flue gases from the afterburning chamber (5) are separated from the flue gases in a dust separator (9) and recycled to the afterburning chamber (5), so that a circulating fluidized bed is formed, which produces a very homogeneous temperature distribution in the afterburning chamber (5) and at the same time permits highly efficient cooling of the flue gases. A secondary oxygen feed for the afterburning is dispensed with, which enables a decrease in size both of the afterburning chamber (5) and also of the downstream heat-recovery and gas cleaning devices and improvement in efficiency resulting therefrom.

Abstract: For cooling a grate block which forms a part of a grate for plants for the thermal treatment of waste material, a closed cooling chamber inside a block body of the grate block below an upper wall bearing the waste material is filled with cooling water and is closed in a sealing manner from the bottom by a base provided with an insulation layer. Effective cooling of the parts of the grate block which are subject to the greatest thermal loading takes place, greatly reducing the temperatures. Since thermal expansions in the material are dispensed with, a grate-block row can be formed by only a few grate blocks screwed to one another. The assembly and exchange of grate blocks are simpler; and the undesirable dropping of waste material through the grate between the grate blocks is largely eliminated. Additionally, the grate blocks can be produced from less expensive material.

Abstract: A waste material, particularly refuse, is conveyed through a combustion chamber while simultaneously being mixed and is treated with a gaseous oxidizing agent. The combustion chamber comprises a rotary tubular furnace. The waste material is acted on by the gaseous oxidizing agent, with the volatile combustible constituents of the waste material forming flames with the oxidizing agent. The radiation heat of the flames frees additional volatile constituents of the waste material. The waste material freed of volatile constituents is obtained as refuse coke and the unburnt volatile constituents are obtained as combustible gas. The thermal treatment in the rotary tubular furnace can be continued beyond the freeing of volatile substances. Given an adequate temperature rise, the oxidic constituents of the slag formed are melted, and the latter can be obtained in the form of glass.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of solid residue from a refuse incineration plant, involving:melting the solid residue in a first heating chamber under oxidizing conditions to provide a melt;reducing any heavy metal compounds present in the melt to elemental metal in a second heating chamber; andtransferring the resulting melt to a third heating chamber;wherein any elemental metal is sedimented in each heating chamber and the sedimented elemental metal is continuously returned from two of the heating chambers to the remaining heating chamber, wherein the elemental metal is collected in at least one of the first or second heating chambers and discharged therefrom, and an apparatus for performing the process.

Abstract: Waste material is conveyed in an uncomminuted state on a grate (5) through a combustion chamber (12) of a stationary furnace (10) and at the same time mixed by a thrust and shearing action of the grate (5). A gaseous oxidizing agent is introduced, for example via gas lances, into the combustion chamber (12) from above the layer of waste material (11) lying on the grate (5). The oxidizing agent cooperates with the combustible volatile substances escaping from the waste to form flames. The layer of waste is heated by the thermal radiation of the flames such that degasification occurs. The combustible gases thus freed are partially burnt. The waste material freed from the volatile substances, that is to say refuse coke, and the unburnt volatile substances, that is to say combustible gases, can be used as fuels outside the plant or within the plant. The oxidizing agent does not come into contact with the thermally stressed parts of the plant.

Abstract: To cool a grate block which forms a part of a grate for plants for the thermal treatment of waste material, a closed cooling space in the grate block below an upper wall supporting the waste material is filled with cooling water. Water feed lines and water drainage lines pass through the cooling space, end in the cooling space, and respectively have a plurality of outlet and inlet openings, so that, in addition to an effective cooling which greatly reduces the temperatures, an optimum distribution of cold water and hot water also takes place in the cooling space. Since thermal expansions in the material are dispensed with, only a few screwed-together grate blocks can form a grate-block row. The assembly and exchange of grate blocks are simpler and an undesired amount dropping through the grate between the grate blocks is eliminated to a great extent. Moreover, the grate blocks can be produced from a less high-alloy material.

Abstract: A fire monitoring system for waste bunkers includes a pair of infrared cameras, which are arranged on an axis of rotation. The axis of rotation is connected to a controllable drive motor and to an angle transmitter. Furthermore, the fire monitoring system has a computer for digitizing the thermal images determined by the pair of infrared cameras and for calculating the spatial coordinates of hot places inside the waste bunker. The calculation of these hot places is carried out based on the thermal images determined by the pair of infrared cameras and digitized, and the data supplied by the angle transmitter.

Abstract: Fly ash from incineration plants is treated with an acidic aqueous solution for the purpose of removing heavy metals. The residual solid matter is filtered. The filtration residue is treated with a precipitating agent for heavy metals. The thereby obtained inert residue can be directly dumped.

Abstract: Glass and metal are recovered separately by melting from the solid residues produced in a refuse incineration plant, particularly from slag. The melting is effected in two zones. In the first, top melting zone the oxidic constituents of the residues are converted into a glass melt. In the second, bottom melting zone the metallic constituents of the residues are converted at a higher temperature into a metal melt. The two melts are recovered separately.