Abstract: An intercalated, modified and calcined smectite clay comprising (a) pillars comprising aluminum and: (i) at least one rare earth or lanthanide group metal; or (ii) at least one rare earth or lanthanide group metal and gallium; and (b) at least one ion-exchanged metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, barium, beryllium, calcium, cerium, cesium, copper, chromium, gadolinium, gallium, germanium, hafnium, holmium, iron (II and III), lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, manganese, neodymium, potassium, praseodymium, rubidium, samarium, silver, selenium, sodium, strontium, tellurium, terbium, thallium, thorium, tin, titanium, uranium, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc and zirconium; wherein the clay is characterized by a basal d001 spacing equal to or greater than about 18.5 angstroms; and processes for making.

Abstract: Catalyst support-activator for olefin polymerization catalysts, and processes for making, the support-activator comprising an intercalated, modified and calcined smectite clay comprising (a) pillars comprising aluminum and optionally: (i) at least one rare earth or lanthanide group metal; or (ii) at least one rare earth or lanthanide group metal and gallium; and (b) at least one ion-exchanged metal ion selected from the group consisting of aluminum, barium, beryllium, calcium, cerium, cesium, copper, chromium, gadolinium, gallium, germanium, hafnium, holmium, iron (II and III), lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, manganese, neodymium, potassium, praseodymium, rubidium, samarium, silver, selenium, sodium, strontium, tellurium, terbium, thallium, thorium, tin, titanium, uranium, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc and zirconium. The pillared clay exhibits a basal d100 spacing of: (A) 9 to 18 angstroms; or (B) equal to or greater than about 18.5 angstroms.

Abstract: Compositions for reduction of NOx generated during a catalytic cracking process, preferably, a fluid catalytic cracking process, are disclosed. The compositions comprise a fluid catalytic cracking catalyst composition, preferably containing a Y-type zeolite, and a particulate NOx reduction composition containing ferrierite zeolite particles. Preferably, the NOx reduction composition contains ferrierite zeolite particles bound with an inorganic binder. In the alternative, the ferrierite zeolite particles are incorporated into the cracking catalyst as an integral component of the catalyst. NOx reduction compositions in accordance with the invention are very effective for the reduction of NOx emissions released from the regenerator of a fluid catalytic cracking unit operating under FCC process conditions without a substantial change in conversion or yield of cracked products. Processes for the use of the compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a process for producing propylene-based polymer. The process includes contacting, under polymerization conditions in a gas phase polymerization reactor, propylene monomer and optionally one or more comonomers with a Ziegler-Natta catalyst composition. The process includes maintaining the temperature of a reaction zone of the reactor at a temperature from greater than 72° C. to less than or equal to 85° C., and forming a propylene-based polymer having a molecular weight (Mw) greater than 100,000, and a Mz+1/Mz less than 2.20. The resultant propylene-based polymer is advantageous in fiber applications.

Abstract: Provided are crystalline forms of nicotinamide riboside, including a Form II of nicotinamide riboside chloride: nicotinamide riboside chloride. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the crystalline Form II of nicotinamide riboside chloride, and methods of producing such pharmaceutical compositions. In other aspects, the present disclosure pertains to methods comprising administering to a subject the crystalline Form II of nicotinamide riboside chloride. The present disclosure also provides methods of preparing the crystalline Form II of nicotinamide riboside chloride. Also provided are a crystalline Form II of nicotinamide riboside chloride that is prepared according to any of the disclosed methods for preparing the crystalline Form II.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for the polymerization of propylene is provided. The catalyst composition includes one or more Ziegler-Natta procatalyst compositions having one or more transition metal compounds and an internal electron donor, one or more aluminum containing cocatalysts, and a selectivity control agent (SCA). The SCA is a mixture of an activity limiting agent (ALA) and selectivity determining agent (SDA) such as a non-silane composition. The present catalyst composition is silane-free, has high catalyst activity and high stereoselectivity, and is self-extinguishing.

Abstract: Process for evaluating the catalytic performance of a porous solid using a vapor diffusion technique, where a probe molecule and a molecule for dead-time determination is injected into a carrier gas that is then contacted with the porous solid in a vessel, where a detector analyzes the peak width and retention time of a probe molecule and the retention time of the molecule for dead-time determination in the gas exiting the vessel.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing small crystals of silicoaluminophosphate-34 (SAPO-34) molecular sieves with high structural purity. The method includes first forming a slurry comprising monoisopropanolamine. Then, the slurry is aged to form an aged slurry. Finally, crystallization of silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves comprising the SAPO-34 molecular sieves is induced from the aged slurry.

Abstract: Solid catalyst components are disclosed including titanium, magnesium, halogen and an internal electron donor compound having a combination of internal electron donor compounds including at least one 1,8-naphthyl diester and at least one secondary internal donor compound selected from alkyl 2-alkoxy-1-naphthoates, alkyl 2-alkoxybenzoates, alkyl 2,6-dialkoxybenzoates, (2-alkoxyphenyl)(pyrrolidin-1-yl)alkanones, dialkyl phthalates, alkyl alkionates, and dialkyl cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylates, and catalyst systems containing the catalyst solid components, organoaluminum compounds, and organosilicon compounds. Further, methods of making the catalyst components and the catalyst systems are disclosed as well as methods of polymerizing or copolymerizing alpha-olefins using the catalyst systems.

Abstract: A method for deoxygenating renewable oils comprised of natural oils or greases or derivatives thereof containing triglycerides or free fatty acids includes the steps of: providing a catalyst comprising a support predominantly comprised of alumina with metal compounds provided on the support based on Mo and at least one selected from the group consisting of Ni and Co, and at least one selected from the group consisting of Cu and Cr, and contacting the renewable oils with the catalyst under conditions sufficient to deoxygenate the renewable oils.

Abstract: A process for increasing the overall yield of pyridine or its alkyl pyridine derivatives during a base synthesis reaction is disclosed. The process comprises reacting a C2 to C5 aldehyde, a C3 to C5 ketone or a combination thereof, with ammonia and, optionally, formaldehyde, in the gas phase and in the presence of an effective amount of a particulate catalyst comprising a zeolite, zinc, a binder, and clay and optionally a matrix, wherein the catalyst has a L/B ratio of about 1.5 to about 4.0. Preferably, the zeolite is ZSM-5. A process for enhancing the catalytic activity of a zinc and zeolite containing catalyst to increase the overall yield of pyridine and/or its derivatives during a base synthesis reaction is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for producing a propylene impact copolymer (ICOP), the process comprising the steps of feeding propylene and optionally one or more first comonomers into a first reactor; feeding into the first reactor a catalyst mixture; contacting the propylene with the catalyst mixture under first polymerization conditions to form an active propylene-based polymer; transferring at least a portion of the first reactor contents to a second reactor; feeding additional activity limiting agent, additional selectivity control agent and, optionally additional cocatalyst and one or more second comonomers into the second reactor; and maintaining the second reactor at a second reactor temperature in a range that is sufficient to allow copolymerization to form the propylene impact copolymer (ICOP), wherein the second reactor temperature is below 70° C.

Abstract: Systems for loading catalyst and/or additives into a fluidized catalytic cracking unit are disclosed. Methods of making and using the systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: An olefin polymerization catalyst component comprising an internal electron donor compound shown in formula (I) below is provided in this disclosure: wherein X is O, S, NRa, PRb, or POORc, Ra is independently hydrogen, halogen, carbonyl hydrocarbon, linear or branched unsaturated or saturated alkyl hydrocarbon, cyclic, aromatic, or aliphatic hydrocarbon, Rb is independently hydrogen, halogen, carbonyl hydrocarbon, linear or branched unsaturated or saturated alkyl hydrocarbon, linear or branched unsaturated or saturated alkoxy hydrocarbon, cyclic, aromatic, or aliphatic hydrocarbon, Rc is independently hydrogen, carbonyl hydrocarbon, linear or branched unsaturated or saturated alkyl hydrocarbon, cyclic, aromatic, or aliphatic hydrocarbon, R1-R8 are identical or different hydrogen, halogen, linear or branched unsaturated or saturated C1-C30 alkyl, alone or in combination with C5-C30 substituted or unsubstituted 5-or 6-membered aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon rings, each of Ra, Rb, Rc, and/or R1-R8 are op

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a process. In an embodiment, the process includes producing a propylene-based polymer in a gas-phase polymerization reactor (10) under polymerization conditions. The polymerization conditions include a combined propylene-plus-propane partial pressure from 290 psia to 450 psia. The process further includes maintaining the combined propylene-plus-propane partial pressure in the range from 290 psia to 450 psia while simultaneously: (i) reducing propylene partial pressure in the gas-phase polymerization reactor; (ii) adding propane to the gas-phase polymerization reactor; (iii) introducing at least one C4-C10 comonomer into the gas-phase polymerization reactor (26); and forming a propylene/C4-C10 interpolymer in the gas-phase polymerization reactor (44).

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of preparing a catalyst from zeolite and peptized alumina. The invention comprises adding a yttrium compound to the zeolite, either prior to, during, or after its combination with the peptized alumina. The yttrium compound can be added to the zeolite via exchange of yttrium onto the zeolite prior to addition of peptized alumina, or the yttrium can be added as a soluble salt during the combination of the zeolite and peptized alumina. In either embodiment, the zeolite catalyst is then formed from the zeolite, yttrium and peptized alumina, optionally containing other inorganic oxide. This invention is suitable for preparing fluid cracking catalysts.

Abstract: A process for increasing the overall yield of pyridine or its alkyl pyridine derivatives during a base synthesis reaction is disclosed. The process comprises reacting a C2 to C5 aldehyde, a C3 to C5 ketone or a combination thereof, with ammonia and, optionally, formaldehyde, in the gas phase and in the presence of an effective amount of a particulate catalyst comprising a zeolite, zinc, a binder, and clay and optionally a matrix, wherein the catalyst has a L/B ratio of about 1.5 to about 4.0. Preferably, the zeolite is ZSM-5. A process for enhancing the catalytic activity of a zinc and zeolite containing catalyst to increase the overall yield of pyridine and/or its derivatives during a base synthesis reaction is also disclosed.

Abstract: Solid catalyst components for use in olefin polymerization, systems incorporating the same, methods of producing the same, and methods of use are disclosed. The solid catalyst components are formed by (a) dissolving a magnesium compound and an auxiliary intermediate electron donor in at least one first solvent to form a solution; (b) contacting a first titanium compound with said solution to form a precipitate of the magnesium compound and the first titanium compound; (c) washing the precipitate with a mixture of a second titanium compound and at least one second solvent and optionally an electron donor at a temperature of up to 90° C.; and (d) treating the precipitate with a mixture of a third titanium compound and at least one third solvent at 90-150° C. to form a solid catalyst component.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for the selective hydrogenation of glycerol in the liquid phase to produce 1- and 2-propanols in high yields as the major organic products. The process comprises subjecting a glycerol stream having at least 30% by weight water to a combination of low pressure and high temperature hydrogenation conditions in the presence of a promoted or un-promoted skeletal copper catalyst.

Abstract: Methods of making functionalized support material are disclosed. Functionalized support material suitable for use in chromatography columns or cartridges, such as in a high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) column or a fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) column, is also disclosed. Chromatography columns or cartridges containing the functionalized support material, and methods of using functionalized support material, such as a media (e.g., chromatographic material) in a chromatography column or cartridge, are also disclosed.