Abstract: A sealing arrangement is provided between the shaft of a mixing tool and the wall of a housing of a mixing and kneading machine, the sealing arrangement having a housing liner and a gland member which can be axially displaced against a support ring arranged between the shaft and the housing liner. The liner is formed by an outer sleeve sealingly placed in the wall of the housing and an inner sleeve resiliently abutted against the outer sleeve to define an annular space therebetween which is sealed by elastic seals which are pressurized by a pressure medium. A sealing arrangement of juxtaposed elastic gaskets is arranged in an annular space between the inner sleeve and the shaft and the gaskets are axially compressed between the gland member and an inward projection at the end of the inner sleeve.

Abstract: In order to prevent solidification of melt in the openings in an orifice plate of an underwater granulator during start-up, the water discharged from the housing of the granulator is diverted to a low pressure outlet so that during start-up a ring of water is formed on the inner surface of the housing. Thereby, melt strands from the orifice plate are cut in air and after the throughout of the melt becomes sufficiently high, the water discharged from the granulator is no longer diverted but is supplied to a post-treatment station and the housing becomes filled with water due to higher back pressure whereupon underwater granulation takes place.

Abstract: A temperature sensor for mixing and kneading vessels, particularly for rubber kneaders, which is sealingly mounted in an opening in a housing wall of the vessel to project into the material to be mixed and/or kneaded. A thermocouple is mounted in the measurement tip for transducing measured temperature into signals transferred to a measurement device. The measurement tip comprises a thin-walled tube of relatively large diameter made of high-strength low heat-conductivity material. The tube has a conical portion at the tip end of which is mounted a high heat-conductivity material connected to the thermocouple. The outer surface of tube is coated with an insulation layer of ceramic at least in the region in which the tube is engaged in the housing wall.

Abstract: A rubber injection press with a stationary clamping table with a mould element and with a carriage with a further mould element, which carriage is movable in a direction towards the clamping table to close a mould formed by the two mould elements, has a heater associated at least with the stationary mould element and provided in the form of a heating panel, which is arranged between it and the clamping table and in which heating elements are arranged. So as to achieve a good heat transfer from the heating elements to the heating panel with, at the same time, the breakdown frequency being reduced and there being a wide range of design possibilities regarding the arrangement of the heating elements, the latter are cast in the heating panel as heating coils. Thus it is possible also to arrange rapid clamping devices in the heating panel.

Abstract: An extruder with at least one bore, in which an extruder shaft is arranged to be rotatingly driven, has a device for introducing a glass fibre strand. To this effect the shaft is provided with an adjustable throttling device, upstream of which starts out an impregnating channel which opens again into the bore downstream of the throttling device seen in conveying direction, i.e. into a mixing zone, in which the fibre strand is cut into fibre sections. An especially intense impregnating of the fibres of the fibre strand is thus achieved.

Abstract: A method for the separation of granulate and water in an after-treatment section following a granulator in which a vibrating screen receives the water and granulate mixture. In order to obtain low residual moisture without subsequent drying, the granulate-water mixture on the screen is subjected briefly to a vacuum over the entire width of the vibrating screen at longitudinally spaced locations, in alternation, from above and below the screen within the first third of the length of the screen.

Abstract: In pelletizing apparatus, an orifice plate forms plastic strands, the orifice plate having a distributor channel at its inlet side in the form of a grooved annular inlet. A cutting plate is provided with outlet openings which are connected to the distributor channel by inlet channels arranged around the distributor channel in successive adjoining relation. In order to improve the melt flow in the inlet region, the distributor channel has a cross-sectional width in the radial direction that is less than the radial extent of the inlet channels where they are joined to the outlet openings. The longitudinal axes of adjacent inlet channels are arranged at an angle of inclination relative to each other.

Abstract: The removal of impurities, for example monomeric low-molecular substances, solvents or the like, from polymeric synthetic plastics materials takes place by the admixture of extraction gas in a first extruder in a supercritical state. The mixture is transferred to a second extruder where, in a first separating zone, and by a counter-current method, it is cleansed of the major part of the extraction gas containing the impurities, this being passed through a discharge orifice. Separation of any residue takes place in a vacuum zone on the downstream side. The high pressure in the first extruder is maintained by a counter-pressure valve in the connecting pipe between the first and second extruders. By the separation of contaminated extraction gas from molten synthetic plastics material in a closed space, namely the second extruder, it is possible to achieve an ordered dissipation of extraction gas on the one hand and molten synthetic plastics material on the other hand.

Abstract: A compact plant for the post-treatment of wet plastic granules in which a rotatable or longitudinally displaceable conveyor-separator is movable between positions in which the wet granules are selectively dewatered or diverted from flowing to a dryer. A water tank is located below the conveyor-separator for receiving water or wet granules therefrom. Water separated in the dryer is also supplied to the water tank. A replaceable screen cassette is supported in the water tank.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of an orifice plate for pelletizing of plastics in which inserts are inserted into corresponding recesses in the orifice plate, the inserts being formed with blind bores before their insertion into the recesses. The blind bores terminate in proximity to the outer surface of the inserts and after soldering of the inserts into the recesses and hardening of the inserts, the outer surface of the base plate and of the inserts are ground down to expose the blind bores and form a planar outer surface for the orifice plate.

Abstract: A machine for kneading dough portions into a round shape is provided with a kneading drum adapted to be driven in the peripheral direction and in the direction of an axis. The kneading drum is concentrically enclosed by a compartmented drum adapted to be rotatingly driven in a peripheral direction and has kneading chambers open radially outwardly and radially inwardly towards the kneading drum. Furthermore, the compartmented drum has, looped around a portion of its periphery, in a belt contact zone, a kneading belt which presses the dough portions against the kneading drum and prevents them from falling out of the kneading chambers.The kneading belt can be driven by a positive drive which is independent of bearing forces between the kneading belt and the surface of the compartmented drum, whereby the kneading belt no substantial bearing forces on the belt contact zone of the compartmented drum.

Abstract: A plurality of reactors, which can all be interconnected selectively by way of pipes, are used for the hydrolytic separation of a cellulose-containing substrate so that a stepwise pressure reduction in one reactor is made possible and thus a stepwise pressure build-up in all the other reactors. The steam entering and leaving the reactors is used to produce a fluidized bed of the substrate. A high output with a low specific expenditure of energy is achieved by these measures.

Abstract: A screw-type extruder has a housing and at least one screw which is rotatably arranged in a bore in the housing and which conveys material while melting or plasticizing in a conveying direction to a discharge channel, a starting valve and a throttle for generating a back pressure on the molten or plasticized material being arranged in the area of the discharge channel. In order to avoid long flow paths of the molten or plasticized material via the throttle and starting valve, there is provided a starting valve/throttle unit having a starting valve and throttle body which is displaceable at right angles to the conveying direction out of a starting position into a throttling position.

Abstract: An apparatus for the extraction of melt samples, particularly from continuously operating plastics processing plants, has a test sample mould which is connected to a melt channel via a transfer channel. There are provided a shutoff device and a device for transferring the melt into the mould. In the transfer channel there is arranged a suction piston which sucks the melt out of the melt channel into the transfer channel which in this case is opened simultaneously. In addition, there is provided a pressure piston for injecting this melt into the moulding chamber. An apparatus of particularly simple construction is created in this way and permits extraction of melt samples without the melt coming into contact with the atmosphere, no dead spaces at all being created at the same time in the melt channel during the time when no melt samples are extracted.

Abstract: In a method for preparing caseinates, including the introduction of casein, alkaline solutions or basic salts and water into an extruder, the constituents being thoroughly mixed together and then subjected to an increase in pressure and temperature under the influence of return elements, it is provided, to achieve a finished basic product while avoiding a separate comminuting stage following the extrusion process, that the pressure built-up under the influence of return elements or kneading units takes place directly in front of the discharge end of the extruder and the product be discharged freely through this end of the extruder. An apparatus is used to carry out the method, this apparatus being characterised in that the return elemnts or return kneading units are arranged directly in front of the discharge end of the extruder and the discharge end of the extruder is open essentially without any reduction in cross-section relative to the free cross-section of the extruder.

Abstract: An apparatus for the mixing and continuous extrusion of a plastic mass having a first stage in which an intermittently operating mixer receives the starting materials batchwise and a second stage having a screw extruder which is supplied at periodic intervals, with material from the intermittent mixer. In order to provide a simple, inexpensive apparatus for two-stage mixing and extruding in which the full output of the first stage can be used and, independently of the state of the intermediate product, a continuous feed of material into the screw extruder of the second stage is effected. The second stage has mixing and kneading blades continuously rotating within a trough and an extrusion screw which extends along the bottom of the trough into an extrusion cylinder. A continuous drive motor for the extrusion screw is controlled so that the trough is always filled at least to 25% of its volume.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing samples from a plastic melt for measuring the rheological properties of the plastic melt in which melt samples are removed from melt in a melt channel through a hollow probe arranged transversely of the direction of flow of the melt, the probe having an opening for the inlet of the melt samples. The probe is elongated and is displaceable along its axis in a direction transverse of the melt channel while being rotatable around its axis so that the inlet in the probe can be placed in various positions in the melt cross section. The opening of the probe is disposed at the periphery of a circle lying in a radial plane around the longitudinal axis whereby samples can be obtained in a three-dimensionally extending region.

Abstract: A perforated granulating plate construction in which conically tapering inlet channels are connected to several outlet channels, the collective cross-sectional area of the outlet channels being substantially equal to the cross-sectional area at the outlet of the associated inlet channel. The outlet channels form an angle of inclination with respect to the longitudinal axis of the associated inlet channel and the discharge outlets of the outlet channels are arranged in a plane about an axis of symmetry which is coincident with the longitudinal axis of the inlet channel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for protecting a mixing apparatus for producing strand-shaped explosives and propellants in a twin-shaft screw extruder, the housing of which is formed of housing parts connected to a clamping device acting under hydraulic pressure. In order to compensate for excessive pressure and to prevent abrupt opening of the mixing chamber, the torque developed at the screw shafts is continuously monitered and fed to a control and storage device together with temperature and pressure values measured at the end of the screw shaft in the material being processed. If one of the measure values exceeds a permissable limit, a signal is produced to change the operating condition of the screw extruder, particularly to stop and withdraw the extruder from the housing, to halt the drive motor of the extruder shafts and to open the extruder housing by relieving the clamping device.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for converting sewage-sludge filter cakes into oil, gas and coke by pyrolysis. The apparatus has two dewatering stages--a preliminary evaporating stage and a residual evaporating stage, a conversion stage and a cooling stage. Each of the evaporating, converting and cooling stages are constructed with at least one module. Each module has a housing divided by walls into a transfer chamber at one end and a second chamber at the other end. The second chamber is divided between a feed chamber and a delivery chamber. Between the transfer chamber and the second chamber is a heat transfer chamber. In the heat transfer chamber there are a plurality of first tubes connecting the feed chamber to the transfer chamber and a plurality of second tubes connecting the transfer chamber to the delivery chamber.