Abstract: A method and apparatus for smooth-rolling and deep-rolling the journal pins of multi-crank crankshafts divides the crank pins into two groups, each including alternating crank pins, since the space between neighboring crank pins is insufficient for simultaneously rolling all of the pins including the main bearing pins in one operation. Each group of crank pins is then rolled separately in succession, whereby one group includes the main bearing pins. Thus, a crankshaft, including any number of closely spaced crank pins, can be completely machined in two rolling operations. In order to carry out this method a rolling apparatus includes crank pin rolling devices for each of the pins of one group. The rolling devices are axially slideably adjustable in unison between two determinable positions in which they may be fixed or locked after adjustment.

Abstract: The feed advance speed, or rather its scalar value, of a turning cutting tool edge is varied for a time duration which is short relative to the time duration required for one full revolution of a work piece. The varying of the scalar value of the feed advance speed takes place at non-periodic timed intervals and at least once for each work piece revolution. Thus, a simple control not requiring any enforced phase relationship between tool movements during different revolutions of the work piece, can be applied to a computer numerically controlled machine tool, such a lathe for truing railroad wheels. A work piece surface is achieved which has at least the quality of conventional work piece surfaces produced with substantially more complicated phase controls for the tool movement. Positive chip fracture is also achieved.

Abstract: In connection with machine tools it is frequently necessary to directly couple the motion sequence of a tool carrier and thus of the tool carried by the tool carrier, to the r.p.m. of a work piece, in order to perform certain motion sequences for each revolution of the work piece. In connection with machine tools in which the r.p.m. of the work piece depends on the work piece diameter, for example, in underfloor wheel set turning machines or turning machines, the r.p.m. is not known. Additionally, the unknown r.p.m. changes during the work piece machining. In order to achieve a synchronization in spite of the changing unknown r.p.m., the time necessary for performing one revolution of the work piece is measured and the time measurement is converted into a control signal for influencing the motion of the movable member such as the tool carrier in such a way that the motion of the tool carrier is influenced as a function of the measured time duration.

Abstract: The known turn broaching of crankshaft main bearings is not suitable for broaching crankshaft bearing pins for the connecting rods because that would require locating the rotational axis of the crankshaft in the connecting rod bearing pins, whereby the crankshaft would rotate eccentrically. The resulting unbalances prevent driving the crankshaft with the r.p.m. required for the turn broaching operation. To avoid this problem a broaching lathe for the rotational or turn broaching of crankshaft connecting rod bearing pins is equipped with a steady rest including a rotating support device which permits mounting the crankshaft in the lathe in such a way that the rotational axis coincides with the axis of the connecting rod bearings of the crankshaft.

Abstract: A broaching tool is provided with at least nine cutting tool edges arranged at its circumference. The cutting tool edges cover only a certain sector along the circumference of a tool disk while leaving another sector between a first and last cutting tool edge free of cutting tool edges. This feature enables moving a tool axially relative to a work piece without first moving the tool radially relative to the work piece. Further, the tool can be moved radially without damage. These movements are performed when the sector without cutting tool edges faces the work piece. This sector without cutting tool edges has an opening angle of less than 180.degree. and it provides a spacing and free space relative to a work piece. Thus, work piece surfaces that have been machined by the cutting edges, are free of these cutting edges if and when the other sector faces the work piece.

Abstract: A mechanism for lifting a wheel set, such as a railroad wheel set, is constructed for cooperation especially with wheel truing machines for lifting a wheel set into a machining position or out of the machining position. In order to facilitate the chip removal, the lifting mechanism is tiltably mounted in a chip removal pit. In its uplifting working position a cover of the lifting mechanism substantially closes the chip pit except for the wheel carriers. In the recessed position of the lifting mechanism the cover tilts along with the lifting mechanism thereby guiding any chips accumulated on the cover onto a chip removing conveyor in the pit. For this purpose the lifting mechanism has a movable frame hinged to a stationary frame so that the hinging axis extends outside of a lifting plane passing through the rotational axis of the wheel set.

Abstract: The quality of rail wheels still attached to a rail vehicle or removed from the rail vehicle, is automatically monitored and measured for correction purposes as a rail vehicle or even an entire train passes through a measuring range. The measuring range includes auxiliary rails providing a running or reference plane, at least one diameter sensing device and at least one wheel tread profile quality sensing device. Both sensing devices can perform their function while a wheel or wheels are travelling through the measuring range. Signals provided by the sensing devices are supplied to signal processing and evaluating circuits which may provide a signal record and/or control signals for a wheel truing operation.

Abstract: The quality of the tread of profile of railroad wheels is measured in a contactless manner by illuminating the circumferential wheel surface with a light or radiation source directing its radiation at least approximately in a radial direction onto the wheel surface to form a light intersection image or a light edge image of the wheel profile or tread. A sensor or sensors such as cameras, scan or sense these images by receiving light reflected by the wheel surface to produce analog signals representing the quality of tread or profile. These analog signals are digitized and supplied to a central processing unit for evaluation to provide information regarding the wheel quality. The illuminating and sensing can be performed while the wheel or wheel set is stationary or while it rolls through a measuring station, whereby it is not even necessary to remove a wheel from its vehicle for inspection.

Abstract: The milling of work pieces having at least one bore in the surface to be milled by roller action, is performed by controlling the size of the force applied to the work piece surface in accordance with the rotation of the work piece and in accordance with the location of the bore. The control is such that the rolling force or pressure applied when the roller contacts the bore is smaller than the rolling force or pressure when the roller contacts the work piece surface outside the bore. The rolling force may even be applied in a pulsating manner in the zone of a bore. A minimum of the applied rolling force is reached at the latest when the roller passes over the bore diameter. In this manner undesirable deformations of the work piece surface, especially in a ring zone around the bore, are avoided.

Abstract: A rolling mill tool for smooth rolling slightly convexly or concavely curved surfaces of rotationally symmetric work pieces, such as bearing journals of crankshafts, has a milling roller with a slender and hence flexing configuration for conforming the shape of the milling roller to the curved shape of the work piece surface. Such a milling roller achieves a satisfactory rolling force or load distribution. The rolling force which is applied to the milling roller by a support roller is sufficient to flex the milling roller along its lengthwise axis to assume the shape of the contour of the work piece.

Abstract: The diameter of a wheel or wheels, such as railroad wheels, is measured while the wheel rolls through a measuring station or while a measuring station is moved past a wheel. Electromagnetic beams, such as light or laser beams, provide respective barriers or sensors. The spacing between the beams is fixed and the time needed to traverse the spacing is measured. The spacing has a definite relationship to the wheel diameter. A computer calculates the diameter based on the measured time and on the given wheel diameter related spacing. Even where only a portion of a wheel is available for sensing or scanning the present method may be used.

Abstract: Chip separation is assured while turning work pieces, by causing an oscillating movement of the turning or lathe tool during the work piece rotation. The tool oscillation is controlled in response to the work piece rotation and so that the tool oscillates periodically along or rather relative to a line defined by the feed adavance vectors of the tool movement . The oscillation amplitude corresponds approximately to half the effective feed advance path for each work piece revolution. The wave length of the oscillation has a magnitude such that it itself or an integral multiple thereof, plus a half wave length, is equal to the momentary respective work piece circumference at the instantaneous point of contact between the tool and the work piece. Several ways are possible for imparting an oscillating movement to the tool support or tool supports.

Abstract: Chip separation is assured while turning work pieces, by causing an oscillating movement of the turning or lathe tool during the work piece rotation. The tool oscillation is controlled in response to the work piece rotation and so that the tool oscillates periodically along or rather relative to a line defined by the feed advance vectors of the tool movement. The oscillation amplitude corresponds approximately to half the effective feed advance path for each work piece revolution. The wave length of the oscillation has a magnitude such that it itself or an integral multiple thereof, plus a half wave length, is equal to the momentary respective work piece circumference at the instantaneous point of contact between the tool and the work piece. Several ways are possible for imparting an oscillating movement to the tool support or tool supports.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for reprofiling the wheels of a railroad wheelset by circumferentially milling the wheelset while the wheels are driven and partly supported by drive rollers, the wheelset being partly supported at its bearing housing. Before profile milling, a reference surface is created by a turning operation as base for measuring the radial infeed of the profile milling cutter. The turning tool required is disposed on the profile milling cutter which is lockable secure against rotation. By coordinating the position of the milling devices with the position of the respective turning devices a positional relation is automatically established between the milling device and the axis of the wheelset.

Abstract: In known deep-hole drilling machines, the undesirable situation arises, in the case of large drilling depths, that the boring bar, which becomes increasingly softer with increasing drilling depth, sags and starts to vibrate, so that the boring bar must be supported. This should, however, be possible at suitable spacings in the simplest possible manner and without interrupting the working process. For this purpose, it is envisaged that at least one guide bush for supporting the boring bar in a workpiece bore is provided on the boring bar, the guide bush being associated in a coaxial arrangement with a clamping ring of a ringe thickness which makes self-jamming tilting on the boring bar possible, and which clamping ring is pivotally coupled at one peripheral point to the guide bush to permit a small radial movement and has an external diameter smaller than that of the guide bush, and that at least one disengageable stopping device for a guide bush is provided within the coolant feed device.

Abstract: Method of deep-rolling of crankshaft pins by applying different rolling forces over a rotational angle (phi) of 360.degree., such as to produce in each angular position a constant enlargement of the angle (alpha) subtended by the mirror faces i.e. the faces connected with the respective transition radii to provide, at least, in the angular region most subject to damage the desired fatigue strength increase.

Abstract: A planishing tool includes an axially slideable adjustment collar. When the collar is retracted to an inactive or adjustment position it may be rotated to vary the operating diameters of the planishing rollers. When the collar is released, the parts are locked against rotation relative to the mandrel in an active or operative position.

Abstract: A crankshaft rolling machine rotatably guides a crankshaft to be rolled. At least one movable rolling fixture carrying rolling dies is positionally controlled by two synchronously driven rotatable cranks having parallel mounting shafts. Eccentric crank pins are coupled to the fixture. An adjustable connection is interposed between crank pins and mounting shafts of the cranks.

Abstract: A deep boring or drilling mill, especially of the horizontal type, comprises a machine bed. A headstock and a tailsotck are operatively arranged on the machine bed. A cooling medium supply device is operatively arranged between the headstock and the tailstock and participates in or performs a clamping movement. The displacement movements of the headstock and of the cooling medium supply device are synchronized with each other during the clamping phase and during the release phase of these displacement movements. Preferably, the length and speed of the displacement movements are balanced or adjusted by an electrical bridge circuit.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an oscillating cutting toolhead having an oscillating cutter comprising two blades which are prestressed radially inwardly, the blades bearing against opposite points of a spacer disposed therebetween, the device being characterized in that the spacer has a cross section of generally circular form with two opposed parallel, axially extending flattened portions, the spacer being axially non-displaceable yet rotatable about the longitudinal axis of the tool and arranged for limited oscillation relative to the cutter in the angular position in which the two flattened portions are parallel to the oscillating direction of the cutter, the spacer being operatively connected with a rotary dog guided in the toolhead for axial and rotatable displacement. The dog may be axially displaced and locked in a retracted position away from the spacer by insertion of a tool through an axial opening in the toolhead to facilitate cutter blade replacement.