Abstract: A carbon nanotube detection system is disclosed. The detection system is suitable to detect carbon nanotube vibrations. Types of detection systems include but are not limited to: magnetic coupling to a magnetic particle attached at the distal end of the nanotube oscillator, current readout from the nanotube oscillator that has been exposed to electromagnetic radiation or a stress, inductive pick-up coil and corresponding tank circuit, capacitive readout element positioned next to the nanotube oscillator having a charged particle attached at its distal end, an optical beam illumination and detection of its scattering, or combination of any of the above means of detection.

Abstract: A caliper atomic force microscope (AFM) comprises two AFM probes (each comprised of an oscillator and an attached tip) that operate on a sample in a coordinated manner. The coordinated operation of the AFM probes may be spatially or temporally coordinated. The result of the coordinated operation may be an image of the sample or a dimensional measurement of an unknown sample. The probes of the caliper AFM may be tilted, or the tips may be tilted at a non-orthogonal angle with respect to the probes, so as to enable the tips to access vertical sample surfaces or to enable the tips to touch each other. The tip shapes may include conical, boot-shaped, cylindrical, or spherical and materials from which the tips are fabricated may include silicon or carbon nanotubes. The oscillators may be beveled to allow the tips to operate in close proximity or in contact without interference of the oscillators. The disclosure of the present invention is discussed in terms of an atomic force (van der Waalls) interaction.

Abstract: A system and method of multi-dimensional force sensing for scanning probe microscopy is provided.

Abstract: A caliper atomic force microscope (AFM) comprises two AFM probes (each comprised of an oscillator and an attached tip) that operate on a sample in a coordinated manner. The coordinated operation of the AFM probes may be spatially or temporally coordinated. The result of the coordinated operation may be an image of the sample or a dimensional measurement of an unknown sample. The probes of the caliper AFM may be tilted, or the tips may be tilted at a non-orthogonal angle with respect to the probes, so as to enable the tips to access vertical sample surfaces or to enable the tips to touch each other. The tip shapes may include conical, boot-shaped, cylindrical, or spherical and materials from which the tips are fabricated may include silicon or carbon nanotubes. The oscillators may be beveled to allow the tips to operate in close proximity or in contact without interference of the oscillators. The disclosure of the present invention is discussed in terms of an atomic force (van der Waalls) interaction.

Abstract: A system and method for manufacturing carbon nanotubes as functional elements of MEMS devices. The method of the present invention comprises the steps of preparing a MEMS substrate for synthesis of a carbon nanotube. A nanosize hole or catalyst retaining structure is fabricated on a MEMS substrate on which a nanotube catalyst is deposited. A nanotube is then synthesized within the nanosize hole.

Abstract: A scanning probe microscopy tool with innovative sensing system is provided by the present disclosure. This scanning probe microscopy tool includes a special cantilever with partially reflective surfaces that makes the scanning probe tool more capable. This scanning probe microscopy tool also includes at least one light source that illuminates the cantilever with a light beam that need not be focused and may be collimated. In addition, the light beam may be larger than the size of the oscillator and may illuminate more than one cantilever. This scanning probe microscopy tool also includes at least one detector where the preferred detector is a continuous position sensitive detector. The innovative sensing system enables CD-AFM tool configurations where the probe may be twisted about its long axes as to better access vertical and re-entrant surfaces of features, including challenging semiconductor device features with high aspect ratio.

Abstract: A scanning probe microscopy tool is provided with a force sensor that simultaneously measures more than one component of a surface force. The tool is comprised of an oscillator, a tip, a mechanical actuator, a sensing system, and a feedback control system. The oscillator has a selected shape, dimensions ratio, and /or material composition such that the oscillator comprises a first resonant mode for a first direction, wherein a first resonance of the first resonance mode can be altered by a surface force interaction between the tip and the sample in the first direction; and a second resonant mode for a second direction, wherein a second resonance of the second resonant mode can be altered by the surface force interaction between the tip and the sample in the second direction.

Abstract: A system and method for manufacturing carbon nanotubes as functional elements of MEMS devices. The method of the present invention comprises the steps of preparing a MEMS substrate for synthesis of a carbon nanotube. A nanosize hole or catalyst retaining structure is fabricated on the MEMS substrate in which a nanotube catalyst is deposited. A nanotube is then synthesized within the nanosize hole.

Abstract: A system and method for manufacturing carbon nanotubes as functional elements of MEMS devices. The method of the present invention comprises the steps of preparing a MEMS substrate for synthesis of a carbon nanotube. A nanosize hole or catalyst retaining structure is fabricated on the MEMS substrate in which a nanotube catalyst is deposited. A nanotube is then synthesized within the nanosize hole.

Abstract: A multiple lens image rotation system includes an elongated base fixedly mounted to a microfilm reader apparatus having a plurality of projection lenses with different magnification levels on a carrier movably mounted with respect to the base. The carrier is adapted to move along an axis generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the base defining a first position wherein one projection lens is aligned with an image projection path and a second position and subsequent positions wherein other projection lenses are aligned with the image projection path. A single image rotation prism is rotatably mounted in the image projection path for use with the plurality of projection lenses one at a time. The image rotation prism is adapted to rotate about an axis generally coaxial with the image projection path.

Abstract: A method of producing a thin-film magnetic disk having high coercivity and magnetic remanence, good loop squareness, and low fluctuation in peak-to-peak recording signal amplitude over an entire circular recording path. The novel aspects of the method which contribute to the performance characteristics of the disk are (a) layering a 300-1,000 .ANG. magnetic film containing between about 70-88% cobalt, 10-28% nickel, and 2-12% chromium over a 1,000-4,000 .ANG. chromium underlayer; (b) forming the film and underlayer under sputtering disposition conditions which prevent low-angle asymmetrical sputtering; and (c) shielding the disk substrate during sputtering in a manner which produces substantially uniform-thickness deposition.

Abstract: A reader-printer apparatus is disclosed for displaying and printing microimages, such as microimages of computer data, from microfiche having a plurality of frames wherein the major axis of each frame is oriented transversely. The apparatus is adapted to print such microimages lengthwise onto a sheet of standard recording paper without the use of a prism to rotate the image. The microfiche is received into a carriage defining an object plane. The microimage may be selectively displayed on a viewing screen or alternatively recorded on standard paper. In the print mode, the image is scanned and consecutively projected onto a photoconductive drum which is rotatable about an axis generally parallel to the viewing plane.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for forming floppy disk envelopes. Envelope blanks are manipulated while attached to a continuous web of envelope material to facilitate handling and alignment of the blanks. Initially, fold lines are impressed into the envelope blanks to define the precise dimensions of the envelope. Envelope flaps are then partially folded to define a receptacle into which the disk media is then inserted. The remaining flaps are then folded and sealed, and lastly the folded envelope is detached from the continuous web. A particular apparatus for impressing the envelope blanks includes a male die, female die cavity, and mechanism for reciprocating the dies. The preferred score profile includes a pair of radii joined by a hinge section.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for folding floppy disk envelopes. Envelope blanks are manipulated while attached to a continuous web of envelope material to facilitate handling and alignment of the blanks. Initially, fold lines are prescored into the envelope blanks to define the precise dimensions of the envelope. Envelope flaps are then partially folded to define a receptacle into which the disk media is then inserted. The remaining flaps are then folded and sealed, and lastly the folded envelope is detached from the continuous web.

Abstract: A transparent recording medium comprised of a conventional transparency base material coated with hydroxyethylcellulose and optionally containing one or more additional polymers compatible therewith demonstrates unusually favorable properties for color ink jet recording by producing a clear transparent medium on which the ink dries rapidly to produce sharp images with minimal lateral bleed.

Abstract: An improved diazotype photoprinting material of high printing speed and its method of preparation are disclosed. The improvement is achieved by distributing through the film coating a substantially uniform distribution of sites having a refractive index substantially different from that of the remainder of the coating. The sites consist of either voids or finely divided solids. Voids are created by contacting the film coating with an aqueous fluid at elevated temperature or an organic solvent for a sufficient period of time to cause a measurable haze to appear on the film. The sites operate to reflect or refract incident light rays during imagewise exposure, and thus increase the optical path length through a given thickness of film.

Abstract: Photographic element designed to prevent duplication by contact copying with actinic light, formed from a synthetic organic polymer having a nitrogen gas permeability suitable for use as a vehicle in a vesicular film, and a light sensitive diazotype composition dispersed therein in which the diazotype composition includes a light decomposable diazonium salt and a coupler for forming a dye with said diazonium salt. Upon image-wise exposure and development, the light-struck areas are vesiculated and an azo dye is formed in the nonlight-struck areas. The image formed from the vesicules relative to the azo dye provide sufficient contrast for viewing by projected light but insufficient contrast for contact copying with UV light.

Abstract: Method and media for producing a vesicular image suitable for use in the recordation of microform information on an add-on basis. A vesicular film (imaging film) is exposed to actinic radiation to form a latent nitrogen gas image therein. The exposed vesicular imaging film, while still containing the latent image is contacted with a sensitizer-free vesicular film vehicle (receiving film). Sufficient heat and pressure are applied to cause an image-forming amount of nitrogen gas to be transferred from the imaging film to the receiving film. Conditions are selected so that vesiculation does not occur in either the imaging or receiving film up to and including the time of gas transfer. Thereafter, the receiving film is subjected to sufficient heat to develop a vesicular image from the transferred gas.