Abstract: An exhaust pipe includes a catalyst housing portion arranged to be at least partially positioned in a space disposed between a shock absorber and a rear wheel, and a catalyst is disposed in the catalyst housing portion.

Abstract: An exhaust pipe includes a catalyst housing portion arranged to be at least partially positioned in a space disposed between a shock absorber and a rear wheel, and a catalyst is disposed in the catalyst housing portion.

Abstract: A method of controlling a process driven by a control signal for producing a corresponding output includes producing an error signal as a function of a state of the process and of a reference signal. A control signal is generated as a function of the error signal and of a parameter adjustment signal. The control signal is applied to the process. A derived signal representative of a quantity to be minimized is calculated by processing paired values of the state of the process and the control signal. A correction signal is calculated from a set of several different values of the control signal that minimizes the derived signal. The parameter adjustment signal is calculated by a neural network and fuzzy logic processor from the error signal and the correction signal. The correction signal is periodically calculated by a Quantum Genetic Search Algorithm that results from a merging of a genetic algorithm and a quantum search algorithm.

Abstract: A mechanism for driving a transporting device having a frame by at least one of human force and a mechanical driving source, comprises a first part (2, 4, 5) rotated relative to the frame by human force and a second part (17 or 18) rotated relative to the frame by driving the mechanical driving source. An outer ring (13), an inner ring (8) and spoke members (11, 12) are integrally formed with a resiliently deformable material so as to connect the first part and the second part. A first permanent magnet (23)and a second permanent magnet (24) are provided on the outer ring, in such a manner that reed switches provided on the frame senses the angular displacement between the first magnet (23) and the second magnet (24) and each revolution of the first magnet (24) and the second magnet (23). The mechanical driving source in response to the signals which relate to the revolutions and angular displacement and are generated by the reed sensors, are controlled by a controller.

Abstract: A wheeled vehicle, in particular a two-wheeler, is provided with a frame supported by running wheels, with an electromotor, for driving at least one of the running wheels, and with at least one battery provided on the frame for supplying energy to the electromotor, characterized in that the battery is disposed near the wheel hub of one of the wheels.