Abstract: A system (10) for modifying atmospheric conditions is disclosed. The system (10) comprises a tower (20), at least one first rod (42) and at least one second rod (62), each of the at least one first rod (42) and the at least one second rod (62) coupled to the tower (20) to extend from the tower (20) and define an end distal (46, 66) from the tower (20), wherein the at least one second rod (62) is spaced apart from the at least one first rod (42) along a height (HT) of the tower (20). The system (10) further includes a first set of emission wires (70) extending between the end (46) of the at least one first rod (42) and the end (66) of the at least one second rod (62).

Abstract: A rectifier assembly includes: a mounting base; and one or more rectification modules configured to be received in the mounting base, each rectification module including: an electronic network including one or more electronic elements configured to convert alternating current (AC) electrical power at an input of the rectification module to direct current (DC) electrical power at an output of the rectification module. Each of the one or more rectification modules is configured to be electrically connected to a DC bus of a driving apparatus that is separate from and independent of the rectifier assembly.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for operating an electric power network are disclosed. The electric power network is a compensated network arranged to be compensated by an arc suppression coil. An indication for an occurrence of an earth fault in the electric power network is received and the arc suppression coil is tuned away from resonance with respect to a resonance point of the electric power network, while the earth fault is present in the electric power network, to increase fault current in the electric power network for tripping one or more relays in the electric power network.

Abstract: An electric current detection apparatus, the electric current detection apparatus is configured to detect an electric current flowing in a solenoid configured to be electrified by a PWM control, the apparatus includes a switch, an electric current value detection portion configured to detect a first electric current value at a first timing corresponding to a timing when the switch transitions from a closed state to an open state, the electric current value detection portion being configured to detect a third electric current value at a third timing, and a second electric current value calculation portion configured to calculate a second electric current value on the basis of the first electric current value and the third electric current value, the second electric current value being an electric current value of the electric current at the second timing.

Abstract: A system for configuring a server including a portable housing having a front panel, a back panel, and a cutout disposed on the front panel, a control board disposed within the portable housing, the control board having a socket configured to operably receive and couple to a network interface card that is insertable into and removable from the housing only through the cutout, and a rib disposed within the portable housing between the front panel and the back panel, the rib having a support configured and dimensioned to engage the network interface card when the network interface card is inserted within the housing in an aligned configuration with the socket, a cooling system coupled to and powered via the control board, the cooling system including one or more fans disposed at least partially disposed within the portable housing, and a power supply system coupled to the control board.

Abstract: A method for reducing and/or managing energy-related stress in an electrical system includes processing electrical measurement data from or derived from energy-related signals captured by at least one intelligent electronic device (IED) in the electrical system to identify and track at least one energy-related transient in the electrical system. An impact of the at least one energy-related transient on equipment in the electrical system is quantified, and one or more transient-related alarms are generated in response to the impact of the at least one energy-related transient being near, within or above a predetermined range of the stress tolerance of the equipment. The transient-related alarms are prioritized based in part on at least one of the stress tolerance of the equipment, the stress associated with one or more transient events, and accumulated energy-related stress on the equipment.

Abstract: An output stabilization circuit includes: a primary-side circuit including first and second self-excited oscillator circuits connected to a direct-current power supply; and a secondary-side circuit, wherein the first and second self-excited oscillator circuits include power transmission coils, resonant capacitors, switching element pairs, and feedback coils, the second self-excited oscillator circuit further includes a phase shift filter, the phase shift filter includes a primary-side control coil that is magnetically coupled to a secondary-side control coil included in the secondary-side circuit and that has a characteristic that an inductance changes depending on a current flowing through the secondary-side control coil.

Abstract: A circuit for supplying an error signal to a controller in a boost or SEPIC DC-DC converter includes first, second, and third Zener diodes, first, second, and third resistors, and a MOSFET or BJT switch. The circuit includes, connected to a common voltage input source, a first branch including the switch, the first Zener diode and the first resistor, a second branch including the second Zener diode and the second resistor. The first and second branches are mutually connected to the third resistor, and the third resistor is connected to the controller. A third branch includes the third Zener diode and connections to the base or gate of the switch and ground. Each of the first, second, and third Zener diodes are reverse-biased. The second and third Zener voltages are equal and higher than the first Zener voltage.

Abstract: An insulating substrate has a sample holding surface. A support is bonded to the insulating substrate. A first through-hole in the insulating substrate and a second through-hole in the support are continuous with each other to serve as a gas inlet. A porous member is located in the second through-hole. The second through-hole has, at its opening adjacent to the insulating substrate (opening adjacent to the substrate), a larger diameter than the first through-hole. The opening of the second through-hole and an electrostatic attraction electrode are at different positions in a direction parallel to the sample holding surface. The electrostatic attraction electrode and the second through-hole avoid overlapping each other as viewed from above.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system (300, 600) comprising: a first station (102) comprising series-connected first and second HVDC converters (110, 130); a second station (104) comprising series-connected third and fourth HVDC converters (150, 170), wherein a neutral node (164) coupling the third HVDC converter (150) to the fourth HVDC converter (170) is coupled to earth; a first transmission line (200) connecting a positive node (114) of the first HVDC converter (110) to a corresponding positive node (154) of the third HVDC converter (150), wherein a first pole (240) of the system (300, 600) comprises the first HVDC converter (110), the third HVDC converter (150) and the first transmission line (200); a second transmission line (210) connecting a negative node (138) of the second HVDC converter (130) to a corresponding negative node (178) of the fourth HVDC converter (170), wherein a second pole (250) of the system (300, 600) comprises the second HVDC conve

Abstract: An electrostatic chuck heater according to the present invention includes an alumina substrate having a wafer placement surface on its upper surface; an electrostatic electrode, a resistance heating element provided for each zone, and a multilayer jumper wire for supplying power to the resistance heating element, which are buried in the alumina substrate in this order from the wafer placement surface side; a heating element coupling via for vertically coupling the resistance heating element to the jumper wire; and a power supply via extending outward for supplying power to the jumper wire. At least the heating element coupling via and the power supply via contain ruthenium metal.

Abstract: A three-level buck converter circuit configurable to transition between a three-level buck converter mode and a two-level buck converter mode and methods for regulating power using such a circuit. One example power supply circuit generally includes a three-level buck converter circuit and a control circuit coupled to the three-level buck converter circuit and configured to control operation of the three-level buck converter circuit between a three-level buck converter mode and a two-level buck converter mode. The three-level buck converter circuit generally includes a first switch, a second switch coupled to the first switch via a first node, a third switch coupled to the second switch via a second node, a fourth switch coupled to the third switch via a third node, a first capacitive element coupled between the first node and the third node, and an inductive element coupled between the second node and an output node.

Abstract: A control circuit for a resonant converter, that is configured to: adjust a conduction time of one power switch and a conduction time of one corresponding synchronous rectifier switch in the resonant converter in a resonant period detection mode; control a resonance current to cross zero twice during the conduction time of the synchronous rectifier switch; and obtain a resonant period of the resonant converter.

Abstract: A voltage detection circuit includes a tunable delay circuit that receives a supply voltage and that generates a delayed signal in response to an input signal. A control circuit causes a first adjustment in a delay provided by the tunable delay circuit to the delayed signal. An error detection circuit generates an error indication in an error signal in response to a change in a timing of the delayed signal relative to a clock signal caused by the first adjustment in the delay provided to the delayed signal. The control circuit causes a second adjustment in the delay provided by the tunable delay circuit to the delayed signal in response to the error indication. The error detection circuit causes the error signal to be indicative of the supply voltage reaching a threshold voltage after the second adjustment in the delay.

Abstract: A power supply circuit with a novel structure is provided.

Abstract: A control device for a power converter that can suppress oscillation of an output voltage of the power converter. The control device for the power converter includes an overvoltage detector configured to detect an overvoltage on an output side of the power converter and a controller configured to, when the overvoltage on the output side of the power converter is detected by the overvoltage detector, perform gate block after reducing a current command value given to the power converter. With the configuration, when the overvoltage on the output side of the power converter is detected, the control device performs the gate block after reducing the current command value given to the power converter. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress oscillation of an output voltage of the power converter.

Abstract: Increases in current drawn from power supply nodes in a computer system can result in unwanted drops in the voltages of the power supply nodes until power supply circuits can compensate for the increased load. To lessen the effects of increases in load currents, a decoupling circuit that includes a diode may be coupled to the power supply node. During a charge mode, a control circuit applies a current to the diode to store charge in the diode. During a boost mode, the control circuit can couple the diode to the power supply node. When the voltage level of the power supply node begins to drop, the diode can source a current to the power supply node using the previously stored charge. The diode may be directly coupled to the power supply node or be part of a switch-based system that employs multiple diodes to increase the discharge voltage.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments may include a power converter having a power conversion circuit and a protection circuit. The power conversion circuit is electrically coupled between a first terminal and a second terminal, to convert a first voltage from the first terminal to a second voltage outputted at the second terminal. The protection circuit is electrically coupled between an input terminal of the power converter and the first terminal. The protection circuit includes a first protection device and a clamping circuit. The first protection device withstands an input voltage of the power converter to continue an operation of the power conversion circuit when the input voltage exceeds a voltage threshold value. The clamping circuit is electrically coupled to a control terminal of the first protection device to clamp a control voltage of the first protection device.

Abstract: A feedback network has a feedback output terminal. A digital to analog converter has an analog output terminal. An amplifier includes an input differential pair having an inverting input terminal, a non-inverting input terminal, a first output current terminal and a second output current terminal. The inverting input terminal is coupled to the feedback output terminal, and the non-inverting input terminal is coupled to the analog output terminal. The amplifier includes a feedback differential pair having a third output current terminal, a fourth output current terminal, a first input terminal and a second input terminal. The third output current terminal is coupled to the first output current terminal, and the fourth output current terminal is coupled to the second output current terminal. The amplifier includes an amplifier output terminal coupled to the first input terminal and the second input terminal.

Abstract: An isolated conversion apparatus with magnetic bias balance control includes an isolated converter, a controller, and a magnetic bias balance circuit. The isolated converter includes a transformer, and a primary side of the transformer includes a primary-side winding and at least one switch bridge arm. The controller is coupled to the at least one switch bridge arm, and provides a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal group to control the at least one switch bridge arm. The magnetic bias balance circuit is coupled to two ends of the primary-side winding and the controller, and provides a compensation voltage to the controller according to an average voltage of a winding voltage across the two ends of the primary-side winding. The controller adjusts a duty cycle of the PWM signal group according to the compensation voltage to correct the magnetic bias.