Abstract: Device and methods for use in a biosensor comprising a multisite array of test sites, the device and methods being useful for modulating the binding interactions between a (biomolecular) probe or detection agent and an analyte of interest by modulating the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor. An electrochemically active agent that is suitable for use in biological buffers for changing the pH of the biological buffers. Method for changing the pH of biological buffers using the electrochemically active agents. The methods of modulating the binding interactions provided in a biosensor, analytic methods for more accurately controlling and measuring the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor, and analytic methods for more accurately measuring an analyte of interest in a biological sample.

Abstract: The invention concerns a size marker for electrophoresis, characterized in that it contains several pairs of molecules the sizes of which are selected to allow the generation of a succession of double-peaks in one same electropherogram, said double-peaks being spaced apart two by two by a distance greater than the distance separating the two peaks of a double-peak. The invention also concerns a method for controlling the resolution of an electropherogram produced with a said marker.

Abstract: The present invention provides for microelectrode array devices and method of making and using same for the purpose of isolating and analyzing micro- and nanoparticles contained within a fluid solution. In various aspects, the present invention is designed to take advantage of electrokinetics and the separation of certain forces in order to influence and control small particles in a fluid solution, thereby allowing further analysis to be conducted on such particles.

Abstract: Device and methods for use in a biosensor comprising a multisite array of test sites, the device and methods being useful for modulating the binding interactions between a (biomolecular) probe or detection agent and an analyte of interest by modulating the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor. An electrochemically active agent that is suitable for use in biological buffers for changing the pH of the biological buffers. Method for changing the pH of biological buffers using the electrochemically active agents. The methods of modulating the binding interactions provided in a biosensor, analytic methods for more accurately controlling and measuring the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor, and analytic methods for more accurately measuring an analyte of interest in a biological sample.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of and apparatus for determining concentration of an analyte, such as glucose, in a fluid sample, such as body fluid or control solution, using a mediated redox reaction. In particular, the method relates to mitigation of the effects of haematocrit on the response of sensor device used in such a method or apparatus.

Abstract: A process for creating a predictive data set predicting the amount of target constituents are in an electrolyte solution at varying temperatures is provided.

Abstract: Nanoscale probes for forming stable, non-destructive seals with cell membranes. The probes, systems including these probes, and methods of fabricating and using the probes described herein may be used to sense from, stimulate, modify, or otherwise effect individual cells or groups of cells. In particular, described herein are nanoscale cellular probes that may be used to fuse with, and in some variations span, the lipid membrane of a cell to provide stable and long lasting contact to the cell. Thus, the probes described herein may be used as part of a system, method or device that would benefit from stable, non-destructive access to and across a cell membrane. In some variations the nanoscale probe devices or systems described herein may be used as part of a drug screening procedure.

Abstract: A method is provided for diagnosing a reference channel of a broadband lambda probe that is used to determine an oxygen concentration in an exhaust gas, at least one sensor element having a pump cell and a Nernst cell being used; in one measurement mode, a regulated pumping current flowing through the pump cell to determine the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, and thus an exchange of oxygen ions between a measuring cell and the exhaust gas being achieved, and a lambda value in the measuring cell being regulated to a value of 1; the lambda value in the measuring cell being monitored through the Nernst cell, and the value of the pumping current required for that purpose being dependent on the oxygen concentration and thus on the lambda value of the exhaust gas to be determined.

Abstract: A mechanism is provided for presenting single strands of a double strand molecule to a membrane. The double strand molecule is driven to a first side of the membrane by an electric field. The membrane has a first and second nanopore spaced apart by a nanopore separation distance. The first strand of the double strand molecule is captured in the first nanopore when driven to the first side of the membrane. The second strand is captured in the second nanopore by having the nanopore separation distance between the first nanopore and the second nanopore corresponding to a strand separation distance between the first and second strands, and/or by having captured the first strand to limit diffusion of the second strand. The first and second strands respectively in the first and second nanopores are individually stretched, by the first and second strands recombining on the second side of the membrane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biosensor that uses a cell that expresses a chemosensory receptor that can detect sugar, and an Alzheimer's disease diagnostic apparatus comprising the same. The biosensor and the Alzheimer's disease diagnostic apparatus of the present invention can sensitively detect a particular sugar in a sample, more inexpensively and more quickly, by fixing a drosophila cell having an over-expressed target sensory receptor protein on the cell surface through genetic engineering, and can thereby be efficaciously used for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: The subject invention provides materials and methods of fabricating and using an electrochemical biosensor for continuous detection of biological analytes. In a specific embodiment, the biosensor detects a given analyte when the analyte binds with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) matrix immobilized atop a sensing substrate eliminating the need for a redox probing agent commonly found in electrochemical biosensors. Furthermore, the detection sensitivity of the biosensor is enhanced by modifying the electrode surface with a plurality of nanoscopic metallic structures. Advantageously, technologies provided herein can be used in a variety of low-power electronics for wearable applications.

Abstract: A mechanism is provided for presenting single strands of a double strand molecule to a membrane. The double strand molecule is driven to a first side of the membrane by an electric field. The membrane has a first and second nanopore spaced apart by a nanopore separation distance. The first strand of the double strand molecule is captured in the first nanopore when driven to the first side of the membrane. The second strand is captured in the second nanopore by having the nanopore separation distance between the first nanopore and the second nanopore corresponding to a strand separation distance between the first and second strands, and/or by having captured the first strand to limit diffusion of the second strand. The first and second strands respectively in the first and second nanopores are individually stretched, by the first and second strands recombining on the second side of the membrane.

Abstract: A method for measuring ammonia in a blood sample may involve positioning the blood sample in proximity with an ammonia gas sensor, generating a current with the ammonia gas sensor in response to ammonia gas released from the blood sample, and measuring the current generated by the ammonia gas sensor, using a current measurement member coupled with the ammonia gas sensor. A device for measuring an ammonia level in a blood sample may include a blood sample containment member, an ammonia gas sensor coupled with the blood sample containment member, and a current measurement member coupled with the ammonia gas sensor. The method and device may be used to measure an ammonia level in a blood sample as small as one drop of blood, or approximately 0.05 mL of blood.

Abstract: An electrochemical test strip, measurement system and method for determining sample content in the reactive region of the electrochemical test strip are presented. The electrochemical test strip comprises an insulator substrate which includes an electrode system disposed thereon. The electrode system includes at least one pair of electrodes. A lower plate which includes a reactive region and a sampling cell is disposed on the insulator substrate. An upper plate is disposed on the lower plate, wherein the at least one pair of electrodes is designed as an electrical loop adjacent to the sampling port.

Abstract: Provided is a blood component measuring device or the like that can further suppress the measurement error of a blood component. The device detects an oxidation-reduction current generated by oxidation-reduction when a first voltage is applied to a first electrode pair 21, 22 of a biosensor 1, and converts the oxidation-reduction current (glucose response value) into a glucose conversion value. The device detects a current generated when a second voltage is applied to a second electrode pair 23, 24 of the biosensor 1, and converts the detected current (blood cell amount response value) into a blood cell amount conversion value. The glucose response value is measured more than once and the blood cell amount response value is also measured more than once within a predetermined period after the introduction of the blood into the biosensor 1.

Abstract: The subject invention provides devices, and methods of making and using the same, for the non-invasive detection of ethanol in a sample. In specific embodiments, the fuel cell based ethanol detector of the subject invention is capable of measuring the concentration of ethanol vapor in the presence of water vapor, which is known to confound signal readings in conventional detectors. Advantageously, the electrochemical sensors provided herein are highly stable and accurate, especially suitable for low-cost, continuous monitoring of ethanol content in transdermal perspiration samples.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to devices and methods for containing molecules. In some embodiments, the device comprises a nanopore, a pore, and a cavity capable of entropically containing (e.g., trapping) a molecule (e.g., a biomolecule), e.g., for minutes, hours, or days. In certain embodiments, the method comprises urging a molecule into a cavity of a device by application of an electric field, and/or by deposition of fluids having different ionic strengths. The molecule may comprise, in some cases, nucleic acids (e.g., DNA). The molecule, when present in the cavity and/or the nanopore, may be capable of being analyzed, determined, or chemically modified. In some instances, a second molecule (e.g., a second molecule which interacts the first molecule) may also be urged into the cavity. In some embodiments, the interaction of the second molecule with the first molecule (e.g.

Abstract: The application relates to an electrode for use in the electrochemical detection of a target species, wherein the electrode has a planar surface disposed on which are probe molecules that are capable of binding selectively to the target species, wherein the electrode, prior to binding of the probe molecules with the target species, has an electron transfer resistance per area of the electrode of from 10 megaohms cm?2 to 95 megaohms cm?2.

Abstract: Provided are a hydrogen ion electrode composed of a composite material of polymer resin and nano iridium oxide, the composite material containing 1-10 nm sized nano iridium oxide particles and/or aggregates thereof which are dispersed to be electrically connected to each other in a moldable, thermoplastic, and hydrophobic polymer resin matrix; a pH sensor using the same; and a method for manufacturing the same. The surface of the hydrogen ion electrode shows very fast pH sensitivity when exposed to a sample solution, and the pH sensitivity is approximate to biphasic characteristics. Furthermore, regardless of high reproducibility of pH sensitivity, abrupt pH change, and repetitive use, very low hysteresis, durability due to high physical strength, and high surface regeneration due to polishing are exhibited, and thus, the lifetime of the electrode can be extended and various sizes and shapes of electrodes can be easily manufactured.

Abstract: A Method and device for measurement is disclosed in operation, an undivided cell sensor immersed at any desirable point of the positive electrolyte circuit is constantly supplied at a controlled fixed DC bias voltage between the positive metal electrode and the porous carbon counter-electrode by an appropriate voltage regulator of adequate power capability, or cyclically at two or more different voltages, all within a range that includes the region between 0.35V and 0.45V, measuring simultaneously the current flowing across the undivided cell sensor at the fixed voltage or voltages bias. By correlating the paired voltage and current values, using a look up table compiled at calibration, estimated values of the degree of oxidation or state of charge of the redox ion couple of the positive electrolyte solution are produced.