Abstract: A method of forming a filter with uniform pore sizes includes synthesizing a moiety so as to form a plurality of like platelets having a precisely sized pore extending therethrough, distributing the plurality of like platelets about a membrane having apertures therethrough, and bonding the plurality of platelets around the apertures to form precisely sized pores through the membrane. A filtration membrane is also disclosed which provides a porous membrane having a plurality of apertures therethrough, and a plurality of platelets, wherein each platelet has a pore therethrough. The platelets are positioned over or in the apertures.

Abstract: A process for extracting a surfactant from a mixture using a boronic acid modified material.

Abstract: A desalination apparatus and a method of desalinating thereof, wherein the desalination apparatus comprises a perforated vessel and at least one engineered semi-permeable membrane that covers perforations on the perforated vessel, wherein the desalination apparatus forms a purified water from saline water when submerged in the saline water to a depth of 50-250 m to create sufficient pressure differential on both sides of the engineered semi-permeable membrane, wherein low-saline water flows through the engineered semi-permeable membrane and collected within an internal cavity of the desalination apparatus. Various embodiments of the desalination apparatus and the method of desalinating are also provided.

Abstract: Methods are generally provided for forming a membrane. In one embodiment, the method includes: dispersing GO nanoparticles in a solvent; depositing the GO nanoparticles on a support to form a GO membrane; and reducing the GO membrane to form a rGO membrane. Also provided is the rGO membrane formed from such methods, along with a plurality of stacked rGO layers. Methods are also provided for separating water from a water/oil emulsion by, for example, passing water through the rGO membrane.

Abstract: A method of filtering a fluid, including flowing a fluid from a first side of a filter member to a second side of the filter member, the fluid containing dissolved impurities. In addition, the method includes inducing fluid cavitation within the fluid to precipitate out at least a portion of the dissolved impurities. Further, the method includes controlling a pressure differential across the filter member. Still further, the method includes, maintaining or further inducing the fluid cavitation within the fluid in response to controlling the pressure differential. Related systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: A softening apparatus including an ion exchanger that is repeatedly regenerated using electrolyzed hydrogen ions (H+). The softening apparatus includes a regeneration unit configured to produce regeneration water including hydrogen ions (H+) by electrolyzing water, a softening unit including an ion exchanger regenerated by receiving the regeneration water and configured to convert raw water including hardness components into soft water, and a controller configured to control the regeneration unit to produce regeneration water having a pH of 2 to 4. The ion exchanger has a Si/Al ratio of 1 to 5 and includes an inner pore with a diameter greater than 4 nm.

Abstract: A method for preparing a polygraphene membrane includes adding graphite and sodium nitrate into sulfuric acid to form a first mixture; adding potassium permanganate solution into the first mixture to form a second mixture; adding hydrogen peroxide solution to the second mixture to form a mixture including soluble manganese ions; filtering the mixture including soluble manganese ions to form an aqueous suspension; centrifuging the aqueous suspension; performing ultrasonication of the suspension to obtain graphene oxide sheets; acylating the graphene oxide sheets to prepare an acylated graphene oxide sheet; and polymerizing the acylated graphene oxide sheets to prepare polygraphene.

Abstract: An over grate filter for covering a grate and filtering storm water runoff is claimed and described. The over grate filter of the invention helps to control the flow of waterborne sediment and pollutants into the storm water grate, and it also serves to reduce the amount of sediment entering drainage systems. The invention may be fabricated from any filtration fabrics, including woven and non-woven fabrics. The selection of the specific filter fabric used in the invention depends on the anticipated storm water flow velocities, the anticipated pollutant volume and the expected maintenance schedule. The over grate filter of the invention may comprise multiple layers of filter material and a supporting inner core that enables the filter to lie flat on the storm water grate, providing improved wear resistance against foot and vehicle traffic and street sweeping activity over the prior art methods for filtering storm water.

Abstract: A device for micro-, ultra-, or nanofiltration that includes one or more flat filter modules having flat filter elements arranged in parallel and at a distance from each other and gas injectors of one or more gas lifting systems for producing a circulating cross flow directed tangentially to the surface of the flat filter elements and having at least one rising area, in which the cross flow flows substantially vertically upward, and at least one falling area, in which the cross flow flows substantially vertically downward, in which the rising area flows through 10 to 100% and the falling area flows through 10 to 100% of an inlet-flow volume of the at least one flat filter module.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a multilayer separation membrane having excellent performance on both removal of suspended solids in water and adsorptive removal of metal ions in water. A multilayer separation membrane of the present invention includes: a porous adsorption layer including substantially a polymer having chelating functional groups; and a porous clarification layer, and the porous clarification layer is disposed neater to a raw water-side than the porous adsorption layer.

Abstract: A backflush filter for liquid media, having a filter housing formed by supporting cage(s) having at least two groups of apertures, and a filtering means supported on the supporting cage, the apertures of each group extend in parallel and are separated by ribs, and having a backflushing device arranged in the interior of the filter insert, is rotatable and has a slit, the backflushing device for flushing the filtering means via the slit and apertures, the direction of the backflushing device being reversible during the backflush cycle, the backflushing device having at least two separated flushing chambers having a corresponding slit, and also a hollow shaft, capable of limited rotary motion relative to the flushing chambers, which shaft having first and second radial outlets, the direction of the backflushing device being reversible during backflushing, and driving means for movement of the flushing chambers and the hollow shaft, are provided for both directions of motion.

Abstract: A water filtration device for purifying water includes a housing, a tap, a top cover, a plurality of filters, and a handle. The housing has an upper opening, a closed bottom and a sidewall. The tap extends through the sidewall proximate to the bottom. The top cover has a rim and a porous medial surface that extends inwardly from the rim. The rim is configured to engage the sidewall to cover the opening. Each of the filters in the plurality of filters has an upper edge, a lower edge, and a mesh that extends inwardly from the lower edge. The handle has a pair of attachment ends and a central grasping section. The pair of attachment ends is configured to engage an associated pair of opposing attachment points coupled to the exterior surface of the sidewall proximate to the upper opening.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hollow fiber (HF) module having fibers modified with a thin film composite (TFC) layer comprising aquaporin water channels.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to systems and methods of fluid treatment systems. Fluid treatment systems and methods thereof may be operable to remove contaminants and optionally reduce hardness. A fluid treatment system may comprise a feed stream configured to provide a contaminated fluid, a concentrate tank configured to receive the contaminated fluid from the feed stream, a filtration unit configured to receive the contaminated fluid from the concentrate tank, and a permeate stream operable to receive a treated fluid from the filtration unit. A concentrate tank may be operable to reduce hardness of the contaminated fluid. A filtration unit may be operable to filter contaminants from the contaminated fluid.

Abstract: The present invention includes systems and methods for treatment of seawater RO system for recovering most of the water (i.e., 85-90%) from the concentrate of a brackish groundwater reverse osmosis treatment system that may use, e.g., a batch method. With proper pH control and antiscalant dosage, the batch-treatment SWRO system of the present invention can be used to recover water from silica-saturated RO concentrate without fouling the membranes. Silica concentrations of over 1,000 mg/L are attainable with relatively minimal pre-treatment of the silica-saturated feed solution.

Abstract: The claimed invention relates to a filtering device for purifying a liquid, intended for softening and purifying tap water and other liquids for domestic use.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for in situ ground water remediation. The compositions comprise a colloidal biomatrix comprised of sorbent particles, such as zeolites, organoclays and activated carbon, dispersed in aqueous solution that are injectable into the permeable zones of an aquifer to be treated. Once deposited into the permeable zones of the aquifer, the groundwater concentrations of contaminants in those zones are depleted, thus increasing the rate of diffusion of contaminants of the less permeable zones. The compositions and methods of the present invention can be used to treat any organic contaminants and provide rapid remediation of contaminated ground water by adsorption and biodegradation of such contaminants.

Abstract: A cross-flow filtration device comprises a retentate plate, a permeate plate, and a membrane sandwiched between the retentate plate and the permeate plate. The retentate plate comprises at least one feed channel extending from a distribution manifold, and at least one drain channel extending from a collection manifold, and a feed channel is fluidly connected to a drain channel via through-holes extending from a first side of the retentate plate, from a feed channel, to an opposing second side of the retentate plate, and through-holes extending from the second side of the retentate plate to the first side of the retentate plate, into a drain channel. One or more of the through-holes extending from the feed channel have a chamfered inlet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a separation membrane module including: a pressure vessel; a plurality of separation membrane elements which are provided in the pressure vessel and each includes: a wound membrane body in which a separation membrane, a liquid-to-be-treated channel member and a permeated liquid channel member are spirally wound around a permeated liquid collection tube; and anti-telescoping plates disposed on both ends of the wound membrane body; and a thrust load holding member which holds a thrust load generated when water passes through the separation membrane elements, in which a thrust load adjustment holding member which is capable of adjusting the thrust load by adjusting a total length of the separation membrane elements in the pressure vessel, is provided on at least one end of the thrust load holding member in an axial direction of the separation membrane elements.

Abstract: A thin film composite polyamide membrane comprising a porous support and a thin film polyamide layer characterized by possessing: i) an azo (—N?N—) content of from 0.40% to 1.00%, as measured by pyrolysis gas chromatography; and ii) a dissociated carboxylate content of at least 0.40 mol/kg as measured by RBS at pH 9.5.