Abstract: The method and apparatus are used to disperse a liquid component throughout a gaseous component and to supply a uniform mixture of components to a heat exchanger in a process for thermal cracking hydrocarbons. The method for supplying the mixture of components from a nonuniform mixture includes several supply steps. First, the nonuniform mixture is separated into liquid and gaseous components. Then, the flow of gaseous component is accelerated to a high velocity. Next, the liquid component is dispersed through the gaseous component in a region of its high velocity flow to obtain a uniform mixture. Finally, the uniform mixture is supplied to the heat exchanger through an outlet conduit.The method is preferably accomplished with an assembly that is fabricated from a number of components. An inlet conduit supplies the gaseous component to a venturi which accelerates the flow velocity of the gaseous component in the assembly. A liquid supply conduit provides the liquid component to an atomizer in the assembly.

Abstract: Maltose is separated from mixtures with glucose, DP3 and DP4+ polysaccharides by adsorption on low aluminum Y-type zeolites, i.e., having up to about 15 atoms of aluminum per unit cell and desorbing the adsorbate with water.

Abstract: Temperature is controlled in a hydrogenation reactor without changing the flow rate of feed into the reactor to maintain a pre-determined temperature in the reactor. In one embodiment, the firing rate of a fuel fired furnace for heating feed to the reactor is controlled in response to the temperature sensed in the reactor to maintain a pre-determined temperature. In another embodiment, the flow rate of a quenching stream for cooling feed to the reactor is controlled in response to temperature sensed in the reactor to maintain a pre-determined temperature in the reactor.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprises (a) alumina, (b) zinc titanate, (c) at least one compound of molybdenum, (d) at least one compound of at least one of nickel and cobalt, and (e) at least one compound containing phosphorus and oxygen. This catalyst composition is used for hydrotreating a liquid hydrocarbon-containing feed stream (such as a heavy oil) which contains compounds of nickel, vanadium and sulfur, under such conditions as to obtain a product having reduced levels of nickel, vanadium and sulfur.

Abstract: The separation of para-xylene from a mixture of C.sub.8 aromatic isomers in a zeolite adsorption process is improved by use of water as the desorbent. Increased desorption efficiency is obtained by the addition to the water of small amounts of a C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alcohol, an anionic surfactant, an alkali solution or a mixture thereofs. Separation of water from the para-xylene product and raffinate is accomplished by phase separation.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons may be recovered from subterranean oil shale deposits by penetrating the deposit with a well, applying hydraulic and/or explosive fracturing to the portion of the formation adjacent the well to form a zone of rubberized and/or fractured oil shale material and then introducing it to the treated portion of the formation a hydrogen doner solvent, preferably tetralin, in a sufficient volume to essentially fill all of the void spaces in the formation within the rubberized and fractured portion of the formation, and then applying hydrogen to the well and maintaining the hydrogen at a pressure range of from 50 to 500 and preferably from 250 to 350 pounds per square inch for a period of time in the range of from 50 to 600 and preferably 250 to 350 days, which causes a disintegration of the oil shale minerals.

Abstract: A process for separating gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons in first and second fractionation zones wherein the first fractionation zone employs a side reboiler discharging below the side draw point. A vapor sidestream is removed from the first fractionator below the side draw point and introduced to the second fractionator. The flow scheme permits control of the first fractionator bottoms temperature to match available low level waste heat which may therefore be used in fractionator reboiling duty.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved process for the removal of acid gases from gas mixtures which significantly decreases the consumption of heat needed for regenerating the rich alkaline scrubbing solution which is used to remove the acid gases from the gas mixtures. The process comprises passing one portion of the scrubbing solution through a steam stripping section and another portion of the scrubbing solution through a flashing section for regeneration wherein the overhead vapors from the steam stripping section are used to heat and strip the scrubbing solution in the flashing section and heat contained within the regenerated scrubbing solution coming from the steam stripping section is utilized to aid in the regeneration of the scrubbing solution in the flashing section.

Abstract: Haze in lube oil is firstly precipitated as wax and ice crystals to form a slurry which is introduced, through inlet (18), into a separation vessel (15) containing a bed of packed aggregate (20) which preferably comprises wax balls, or asphalt or ice chunks. The slurry is indirectly charged with free excess charge which is net unipolar by means of a charge injector 11. The injected charge causes the wax and ice crystals to be electrically driven to and deposited on the aggregate. Periodically, the wax and ice-soiled aggregate is replaced by fresh aggregate and the soiled aggregate can be supplied as feed to a conversion process, which can for example be a catalytic cracking process.

Abstract: Full-range shale oils or fractions thereof, after hydrotreating, are hydrodewaxed and then hydrogenated to produce lubricating oil fractions boiling above 650.degree. F., having a pour point at or below +10.degree. F., and a viscosity index of at least 95.

Abstract: Low D.E. starch hydrolyzates which can be readily filtered are obtained from non-waxy starches by treatment with bacterial alpha-amylase for an extended period at a temperature above about 95.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a phosphorus-vanadium and phosphorus-vanadium co-metal catalysts suitable for use in the manufacture of maleic anhydride from benzene, butane, and other C.sub.4 hydrocarbons which process comprises reacting at a temperature of about 0.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C. a vanadium compound in an organic ether solvent having about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms with a phosphoryl halide in the presence of water or an aliphatic alcohol having from about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, eliminating the solvent and activating the catalyst by the addition of the hydrocarbon feedstock and water and a phosphorus compound at a temperature of about 300.degree. C. to about 500.degree. C. wherein the amount of water added is about 1000 parts per million to about 40,000 parts per million by weight of the reactor feed gas stream is disclosed. The catalysts are useful for the manufacture of maleic anhydride from butane, benzene, and other C.sub.4 hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: A portable containment structure is employed to clean a gripper assembly.

Abstract: Low D.E. starch hydrolyzates which can be readily filtered are obtained from non-waxy starches by treatment with bacterial alpha-amylase for an extended period at a temperature above about 95.degree. C.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon feeds are upgraded by contacting a feed, at elevated temperature and in the presence of hydrogen, with a supported self-promoted catalyst prepared by heating a composite of support material and one or more catalyst precursor salts under oxygen-free conditions and in the presence of sulfur at a temperature of at least about 250.degree. C. The precursor salt or salts will be of the general formula (ML)(Mo.sub.y W.sub.1-y S.sub.4) wherein M comprises one or more promoter metals selected from the group consisting essentially of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn and mixtures thereof, wherein y is any value ranging from 0 to 1 and wherein L is one or more neutral, nitrogen-containing ligands at least one of which is a chelating, polydentate ligand.

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbon oil is subjected to hydrogen donor diluent cracking under conditions of high temperature, moderate pressure and short residence time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for improving the recovery of hydrocarbon fluids from oil shale. The method comprises treating a mixture of oil shale and hydrocarbon fluid at a temperature below the retorting temperature of the shale and for a period of time sufficient to recover product hydrocarbon fluids in amount equivalent to at least 100 percent Fischer Assay.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for gas treating a particle bed wherein a uniform temperature gradient is achieved. A support member, such as a grate, serves to support a bed of particles on a surface thereof. The support member is moved in a predetermined direction. Gas is released from a plurality of positions at different depths in the bed.

Abstract: A practically isothermal temperature distribution of the reactor contents is obtained, especially for high temperature and pressurized hydrogenation reactors operating in the sump-phase by a hydrogenation gas passing over the outer region of the reaction chamber, so that the hydrogenation gas cools the reaction in the chamber. Additionally, the reaction heat which is extracted by the hydrogenation gas is used to heat the reaction components at a stage in the hydrogenation process. The major portion of the reaction heat is used to heat charges, preferably for the reactors, which charges contain no appreciable amounts of solid material. These charges, preferably comprising hydrogenation gas, preferably pass through a jacket space between the reaction chambers and the external portion of the reactors, which external portions preferably make contact with the atmosphere.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for hydrogenating or partially hydrogenating polynuclear aromatics by contacting them with manganese nodules in the presence of hydrogen at elevated temperatures. The resulting partially hydrogenated products are useful as hydrogen donors in processes such as thermal cracking.