Abstract: Disclosed are systems and method for encrypted transmission of web pages. One exemplary method comprises: receiving, by a proxy server, a web page requested by a user device; analyzing, by a hardware processor of the proxy server, the received web page to identify code of elements of the web page; selecting one or more identified elements of the web page for encryption; encrypting, by the hardware processor, the code of the one or more selected elements; generating, by the hardware processor, a script containing the encrypted code of the one or more selected elements; modifying the web page, by the hardware processor, by replacing in the web page the code of the one or more selected elements with the script containing the encrypted code of said one or more selected elements; and transmitting, by the proxy server, the modified web page to the user device.

Abstract: A method for providing authentication of a user of a recipient unit when the recipient unit is off-line includes storing one or a plurality of challenge-reply sets associated with an article based on an on-line communication with a sender unit. Each of the challenge-reply sets includes at least a challenge-reply pair for use in off-line authentication of the user for a particular resource available through the recipient unit. When the user is offline, the method includes selecting at least one of the plurality of stored challenge-reply sets for off-line authentication of the user for the particular resource available through the recipient unit.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer program products, for distributed security system authorization. Client device authentication instructions are executed on a client device to determine if authentication data accessible by the client device authentication instructions are stored at the client device. If the authentication data are stored at the client device, the client device authentication instructions generate authenticated user data and store the authenticated user data at the client device. If the authentication data are not stored at the client device, the client device authentication instructions generate a login environment that allows a user of the client device to input login data. The login data are provided to a verification process that in response to verification provide the authentication data to the client device.