Abstract: A method of converting a hydrocarbon feed with a catalyst and regenerating the catalyst by contact with an oxygen-containing stream is disclosed. The hydrocarbon conversion process employs a purification zone that purifies a net gas stream and that also removes water from a circulating regeneration gas stream. This method is useful for the regeneration of reforming catalysts comprising L-zeolite.

Abstract: A non-aromatic organic compound is converted into aromatic hydrocarbons by a process in which the non-aromatic organic compound is contacted with a diamond-like carbonaceous catalyst at a temperature of 200.degree.-1,500.degree. C. The catalyst is a carbonaceous material which does not show any peak at 2.theta. of about 25.degree. attributed to C(002) diffraction in a powder X-ray diffraction pattern thereof or which shows a peak at 2.theta. of about 25.degree. attributed to C(002) diffraction in a powder X-ray diffraction pattern thereof and has a C(002) interplanar spacing greater than 0.3440 nm.

Abstract: A method for oligomerizing an .alpha.-olefin in the presence of a catalyst comprising a specific chromium compound including chromium atom and pyrrolyl group and an alkylaluminum compound, wherein the .alpha.-olefin is contacted to the chromium compound and the alkylaluminum compound without preliminarily contacting the chromium compound to either the .alpha.-olefin or the alkylaluminum compound.

Abstract: Improved acid catalyzed alkylation reactions occur for the addition of a hydrocarbyl reactant to an alkene, by the optimized addition of an oxidizing agent, such as a peroxide, molecular oxygen, ozone, peracid, and one or more of the peroxide, molecular oxygen, ozone, or peracid mixed with at least one material selected from the group consisting of the hydrocarbyl reactant, and the alkene. The hydrocarbyl species contains at least one tertiary carbon atom attached to hydrogen, such as isobutane. The alkene is preferably 1- or 2-butene. Suitable peroxides are found in the group consisting of: tert-butyl peroxyneopentanoate ((CH.sub.3).sub.3 C--O--OCO--C(CH.sub.3).sub.3); acetyl peroxide (CH.sub.3 CO--O--O--COCH.sub.3); di-tert-butyl peroxide ((CH.sub.3).sub.3 C--O--O--C(CH.sub.3).sub.3); hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2 O.sub.2) and peracids of carboxylic acid having up to 10 carbon atoms, and a general chemical formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n O.sub.3, where n has values in the range 2-10.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the oligomerization of lower alpha olefins, and particularly ethylene, to higher olefins in the presence of a catalyst precursor having either or both of a dithiophosphinate complex and a heterobifunctional ligand having a phosphine center and an imine or similar center, in the presence of an activator. The catalysts have a high reactivity and a good selectivity.

Abstract: A method of treating a water-swellable clay after the clay has been mined and dried to improve its properties when in contact with contaminated water. After the common initial drying of the clay to a moisture content of 12% by weight or less, the clay is impregnated with an aqueous solution containing a dissolved, water-soluble polymer, in an amount of at least about 0.5% by weight based on the dry weight of the clay, and the clay is wetted to a moisture content of more than 12% by weight, preferably at least about 15% or more, based on the dry weight of the clay, and then redried to a moisture content of 12% by weight or less, based on the dry weight of the clay.

Abstract: Process for the production of aqueous storable nonionic surfactants in which crystallization moderators selected from the group consisting ofa) alkyl glycosides based on short-chain primary alcohols,b) alkyl glycosides based on Guerget alcohols,c) glycosides based on polyols,d) short-chain primary alcohols,e) fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers,f) polyethylene glycols,g) glucose andh) iron(III) ionsare added to aqueous preparations containing alkyl and/or alkenyl glycosides corresponding to formula (I):R.sup.1 O--(G).sub.P (I)in which R.sup.1 is a linear alkyl and/or alkenyl radical containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms, G is a sugar unit containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms and p is a number from 1 to 10.

Abstract: A novel Phillips catalyst for the copolymerization of ethylene with .alpha.-olefins, contains, as a catalytically active component, a finely divided, aluminum silicate-supported, phosphorus-containing chromium catalyst. This can be prepared by applying at least one organic phosphorus(III), (IV) and/or (V) compound and at least one chromium(III) compound which does not react with said phosphorus compounds under the reaction conditions used, in succcession in any order or simultaneously, to a finely divided aluminum silicate hydrogel or xerogel with formation of a catalyst intermediate and activating the catalyst intermediate at elevated temperatures in an oxidizing atmosphere, with the result that the chromium catalyst is formed. The novel Phillips catalyst gives ethylene/.alpha.-olefin copolymers in which the comonomers are more uniformly distributed over the copolymer chains than is the case with ethylene/.alpha.-olefin copolymers which have been prepared with the aid of conventional Phillips catalysts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for dry fractionation of fatty substances by a counter current dry fractionation operation, comprising at least two dry fractional crystallization treatments;a first dry fractional crystallization treatment comprising the steps of:1a) dry fractionating by crystallization the fatty substances into a higher melting first stearin fraction and a lower melting first olein fraction;1b) separating the first stearin fraction from the first olein fraction by membrane filter pressing; and1c) feeding the separated first olein fraction to a second dry fractional recrystallization treatment; anda second dry fractional crystallization treatment comprising the steps of:2a) dry fractionating by crystallization the first olein fraction into a higher melting second stearin fraction and a lower melting second olein fraction;2b) separating the second stearin fraction from the second olein fraction by membrane filter pressing; and2c) feeding the separated second stearin fraction to the first dry

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the manufacture of crystal sugar from an aqueous sugar juice containing sugars and organic and mineral impurities, including Ca.sup.2+ and/or Mg.sup.2+ ions, such as a sugar cane or sugar beet juice, comprising the following operations:(a) concentration of said sugar juice to give a syrup, and(b) crystallization of said syrup to give a crystal sugar and a molasses,characterized in that it also comprises an operation:(c) of tangential microfiltration, tangential ultrafiltration or tangential nanofiltration, this operation being effected before operation (a).It also relates to a process for the production of crystal white sugar from a sugar juice of the sugar cane juice type, comprising the above-mentioned process for the production of crystal sugar, completed by re-melt, decolorization and crystallization operations.

Abstract: This invention relates the use of a catalyst composition having the structure of ZSM-5 and a matrix material, which has been manufactured by a new and useful method, for organic compound, e.g., hydrocarbon compound, conversion. The organic compound conversion processes described include catalytic cracking, gasoline hydrofinishing, toluene disproportionation, xylene isomerization, and ethylbenzene production.

Abstract: A method and operating technique for treating organosulfur compound-containing aliphatic streams by introducing the light hydrocarbon stream at a top portion of a vertical stripping tower having an upper catalytic contact zone containing a bed of solid hydrodesulfurization catalyst particles and a lower contact zone, and introducing a light gas stream containing hydrogen at a lower portion of said stripping tower. Hydrodesulfurization is effected by flowing the light hydrocarbon stream and light gas stream countercurrently in contact with the solid hydrodesulfurization catalyst particles under hydrodesulfurization and stripping conditions, thereby converting the organosulfur compound in the upper contact zone.

Abstract: A copper-containing hydrogenation reaction catalyst is prepared by reducing a precursor of a copper-containing catalyst usable in hydrogenation reaction with hydrogen gas or a mixture of hydrogen and an inert gas by liquid phase reduction in a stream of a solvent in the temperature range of from 50.degree. to 140.degree. C. An alcohol is produced using the catalyst thus obtained in a fixed bed continuous reaction system.

Abstract: A process for producing zeolite aggregates involves providing a formable paste composed of zeolite, a binder composed of an organic/metal oxide containing aluminum, a peptizing agent and water; forming the paste into an aggregate, preferably by extruding into an extrudate; curing the aggregate; hydro-thermally calcining the aggregate; and washing the hydro-thermally calcined aggregate with a washing medium, preferably followed by rinsing with a rinsing medium to remove residual washing medium from the aggregate. The washed and rinsed aggregate may then be permitted to equilibrate or is subjected to a drying procedure. Preferably, the washed and rinsed aggregate is again subjected to curing/hydro-thermal calcining.

Abstract: This invention is generally directed toward a supported catalyst system useful for polymerizing olefins. The method for preparing the catalyst system of the invention provides for an optionally supported, metallocene catalyst component which when utilized in a polymerization process exhibits improved reactor operability.

Abstract: Disclosed are catalyst components for the polymerization of olefins which include magnesium halide in active form, and, supported thereon, a titanium halide or titanium halogen alcoholate and an electron-donor compound selected from the group diamines of formula ##STR1## wherein the radicals R.sub.1 to R.sub.10 are the same or different and are hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 hydrocarbon radicals, with the proviso that at least one of the R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 radicals and at least one of the R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 radicals are not hydrogen. Also, disclosed are catalysts obtained from the catalyst components and an Al-alkyl compound, as well as catalysts obtained by reaction of an Al-alkyl compound and a diamine of formula (I) with a solid catalyst component including a titanium halide or a titanium halogen alcoholate, and an electron-donor compound having particular characteristics of extractability with Al-triethyl, supported on magnesium halide in active form.

Abstract: A process has been developed for decolorizing (and/or hydrogenating, and/or dehalogenating) a halogen containing unsaturated feedstock and/or polymeric resins. The process has the advantage of being substantially less affected by prolonged exposure to halogen contaminants and impurities than typical hydrogenation catalysts. A novel catalyst comprising (a) one or more metals selected from the group consisting of the metals in Group 8, Group 9 Group 10 and mixtures thereof; (b) one or more promoters selected from the group consisting of oxides of the elements in Group 1, Group 2, the Lanthanides group, the Actinides group and mixtures thereof; and (c) a support has also been developed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fluid catalytic cracking process in which the catalytic cracking reaction takes place in a dilute phase, and the reaction product contains a reduced volume of off gas having a low concentration of SO.sub.x and NO.sub.x. The use of off gas, which is produced during a regeneration step, to strip entrained vapor from spent catalytic cracking catalyst acts to reduce SO.sub.x and NO.sub.x byproducts, and eliminates the need to separately recover and treat the off gas stream from the regenerator portion of the system. The entire process, including the reaction step, the stripping step and the regeneration step, can be performed in a single vessel, and the stripping and reaction steps take place entirely in the dilute phase.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for fluidizing a dense phase bed of solid particles, preferably a method for fluidizing a dense phase bed of solid catalyst particles. The method includes the steps of continuously supplying a flowing fluid stream in a downward direction within an enclosed volume; contacting an upper surface of a dense phase bed of solid particles resting within the enclosed volume with the downward flowing fluid stream; continuously directing the flowing fluid stream into the dense phase bed of particles to form a continuous fluidized bed of solid particles within the enclosed volume; directing the flowing fluid stream in an upward direction after contacting the upper surface of the dense phase bed; and collecting the flowing fluid stream.

Abstract: A catalyst for the purification of an exhaust gas by the removal, through selective reduction, of nitrogen oxides present in the exhaust gas, which comprises (A) 80 to 95% by weight of a sulfur oxide-containing catalytic oxide obtained by thermally treating at least one hydrous oxide compound selected from the group consisting of binary hydrous oxide compound of titanium and silicon, binary hydrous oxide compound of titanium and zirconium and ternary hydrous oxide compound of titanium, zirconium and silicon in the presence of at least one sulfur compound selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate, (B) 0 to 5% by weight of a catalytic oxide comprising vanadium oxide, (C) 1 to 15% by weight of a catlytic oxide comprising the oxide of at least one metal selected form the group consisitng of tungsten, molybdenum, tin and cerium.